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EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA
(1906-1907)
SERVICE DES ANTIQUITES DE L'EGYPTE
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA
•C ^ '/ -3
(1906-1907)
BY
/ E) QUIBELL
WITH A SECTION ON THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS
BY P. LACAU
\J-^'
LE CAIRE
IMPRIMERIE DE L'INSTITUT FRANCAIS
D'ARCHEOLOGIE ORIENTALE
1908
SEEN BY
PRESERVATION
SERVirF<;
INTRODUCTION.
The digging at Saqqara in the winter of 1906-1907 began on October 27th and
continued till the end of February; only a small and continually decreasing band of
men were retained through the first fortnight of March.
The previous season had left us two sites where work had to be continued and an
accident drove us to a third , so that for part of the time there were three separate
gangs at work.
The great mastaba , the owner of which we had failed to determine , had to be
farther cleared and the excavations west of Teta's pyramid to be advanced. These
were the two tasks, but a third was given us by the sebakhin at Ras el-Gisr,who dug
into a chamber the walls of which were decorated with paintings. We promptly
turned the cultivators on to another spot and began the excavation ourselves. It will
be well to take the three sites in order. The main results can be stated in a few
words.
I. At the east side of the Tela pyramid the work was very laborious for the men ,
as a great number of blocks thrown down from the pyramid had to be broken up
and removed. A few fragments of temple sculpture were found, but nothing to indicate
the plan of the building, till, opposite the south-east corner of the pyramid the work
was carried deeper, and a small pyramid, denuded to four or five courses of masonry,
was disclosed, together with the court in which it was built.
The chamber was entered, but found to be uninscribed and empty save for a mass
of potsherds. Above the pyramid the remains of a series of late New Empire chapels
were found and the shafts belonging to them cleared.
II. The south end of the great mastaba was dug out in the hope that an inscribed
chamber might be found, a hope that was not fulfilled. The south end of the building
had been quarried away to the last course of stones, and if any chapel once existed
outside the southern niche it had long since disappeared; the mastaba was here
Vi
11 INTRODUCTION.
covered over before the Middle Kingdom and in the rubbish and in the body of the
mastaba itself a series of Xth (?) Dynasty shafts had been dug.
Two of these, one that of Karenen, behind the south niche, the other of Khennu,
in the south face of the mastaba , were untouched below ground , though the chapels
had been destroyed, and the fine coffins and series of wooden models of granaries,
carpenters' shops and the like formed one of the best results of the season's work.
A group of poor burials of the XlXth Dynasty and a lot of fragments of Xth Dynasty
stelae were the other main products of this piece of digging. The excavation made was
a sort of crater about 3o metres in diameter and, in the centre 12 metres deep,
bounded to north and south by the two massive walls of brick and on the other two
sides by sloping banks of limestone blocks and sand.
III. The excavations at the monastery, called locally Ras el-Gisr, disclosed five
chapels or cells, small and rudely built chambers, but decorated with paintings of
considerable interest. This work must be continued in the coming season as the
monastery is not exhausted. It is a curious circumstance that, though this site has
been given over to the sebakhin for twenty years, there seems not to be any record
of painted walls being found before. We may therefore hope that the monastery has
not been much touched and that the area destroyed by the sebakhin was covered
only by the village which adjoined the main building.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help that I have received from Miss N. Mac-
donald , who drew with very great care the plates XX to XXVI , and from my wife , to
whom all the coloured plates are due.
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA,
1906-1907.
WORK EAST OF TETA PYRAMID.
The search for the Pyramid temple in the previous year had been on too small a scale; so deep
was the rubbish that the width of pavement cleared did not exceed i 5 metres. This year a wider
sweep was made and a trench, whose farthest edge was 9 5-3o metres from the foundation of
the central stela, was run parallel to the east face of the pyramid.
The work was slow and expensive, and was more of the nature of quarrying than digging, so
great was the accumulation of massive blocks from the casing. In the northern part of the trench
the pavement was not reached. The area really dug out is confined to the small pyramid with its
courtyard which we discovered at the southern end. For clearness' sake, and to distinguish it from
its large neighbour the pyramid of Teta, we will call this the pyramid of Neferkara, although
the attribution is as yet doubtful.
The appearance of this pvramid when partially excavated is seen in plate I, the west and east
sides in plates II and III, while the plan and section are in plate IV.
We came on the pyramid at first from the west side; underneath the limestone detritus and
the blocks from the Teta pyramid appeared a layer of dark soil and to the west of this was a
wall, running north and south. This is smooth on the east side, but unfinished on the side next
the Teta pyramid and its original thickness could not be determined. In the black layer a scarab
of the Middle Kingdom was found, and soon the face of the pyramid appeared, further east;
evidently a pyramid and not a mastaba from the batter of the wall face.
Clearing was also carried on from the top, and the hole by which the robbers had forced their
way into the chamber was found; later on as we got deeper on the north side the original entrance
from the north was also disclosed.
A second cause that rendered the digging slow and tedious was the existence of a great number
of coflins of late period which lay close together in the upper layers, mostly at the highest
remaining level of the pyramid. In this same layer remains of late New Empire chapels were
found and the stone-lined shafts belonging to them; these sank through the rubbish surrounding
the pyramid, penetrated the pavement and descended to chambers below, in which coffins
from secondary burials, as it appeared (XXII"'' Dynasty or later), lay in considerable numbers.
Still on the same high level and a little above it were burials under rude, roofshaped mounds
the date of which is not yet determined, and a group of Coptic tombs of crude brick, like
mastabas, and with a plastered niche in the east end : these were generally denuded to a foot
Excavation! at Saqqara , I Qo6- 1 ijO'j . . l
2 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
in height. Lower down, above the pavement but close to it, was another group of burials, in
oblong coffins, high and narrow, with ridges at eacli end; near them, and apparently of tlie same
period were some poor burials wrapped in mats, without any coffin at all.
We will now take these buildings and tombs in what appears to be their clironologic order;
the pyramid itself, the burials in the blaclc earth, the New Empire chapels and tombs and the
later burials, mentioning with them the scattered objects of like date.
The pyramid is constructed of two faces of masonry, an outer one of dressed blocks of Tura
limestone, an inner one of rubble of local stone, the face of which was not smoothed at all,
but each course was stepped back from the one below it. Inside this inner wall the pyramid is
made of rubble, mostly unshaped stones about o m. 90 cent, long, very roughly laid with a light
coloured mortar made of tajl and mud. This mortar is seen in tiie iiole made by the robbers to
be reddened by the fire employed in breaking tlirough tlie roofing blocks. Many of the stones of
the outer face were damaged on the edge in transport from the quarry, or contained originally
weak bits, and these were cut out and replaced by wedges of new stone fixed in with piaster
which give a characteristic look to the masonry. They are very unequally weatliered.
The entrance was in the middle of the north side and was covered by tlie pavement : it was
formerly plugged with long stones one of which was found in place; it filled half of the lower part
of the passage and was 1 metre long. Tlie entrance passage is 0 m. 99 cent, high, and 0 m. 79 cent,
wide and at first slopes down from the base of the pyramid, then becomes horizontal and leads
to a chamber with plain stone walls, roofed with four very massive blocks of 5 by 9 metres,
and 1 m. 70 cent, thick, it was by breaking through the corner of one of these that the robbers
had penetrated into the chamber.
The courtyard is bounded on the north by a wall 1 m. o3 cent, in thickness, 9 metres or
more high, the top course of which was rounded. The greater part of this wall remains. At the
east end (pi. Ill), it has been broken through by one of the New Empire shafts (3/i9 in pi. IV).
Further east was a gateway, the door of which opened inwards, and beyond this the digging
has not reached the low level.
There was a similar wall on the east side of which little remains : on the south we did not
reach far enough to be sure, but, as the pavement is broken away, the wall has probably been
entirely destroyed. The west wall already mentioned has but one face and is 9-3 courses high.
Sunk in the floor, probably once covered by paving blocks, are four basins, three of quartzite,
one of alabaster (pi. II and 111 : the alabaster bowl is the farther one in plate II).
They are placed on the east and west sides of the pyramid; very roughly, opposite the middle
of the pyramid and the centre of the north half. There is no sign of a third pair opposite the
southern half. The quartzite basins are hollowed out of rough cubes of stone; their upper
surface is a square of 1 m. 01 cent.; the basin is 0 m. 79 cent, in diameter and of hemispherical
shape; to the east is an inlet or spout. The alabaster vessel is not a cube like the others but a
bowl of ca. 0 m. oh cent, thick, polished internally.
What the use of these vessels may have been is not certain : similar ones have been found
at Abusir undoubtedly intended to receive rain water : if this had been the case here, we should
expect to find channels leading to them from the face of the pyramid. Such a channel indeed there
WORK EAST OF TETA PYRAMID. 3
is in the floor, but it leads throiigli the gateway and turns to the east, not to one of the basins
as yet found. It is more likely that these were of ceremonial use.
BURIALS IN THE BLACK LAYER.
At the south-west corner, o m. 70 cent, above the pavement was a body wrapped in two
mats, the outer one made of sticks a finger thick and midribs of palm leaves. This burial was
to the north of one of the brick walls and lay west and east. The mat was tied with cloth, inside
it were bandages o m. 3o cent, wide, then a sheet just large enough to enclose the body and
inside this another mat, made of palm midribs only. Between the two mats was a bundle of
reed pens (pi. XXXVI, 1); inside the inner mat a palette and a cradle-shaped box (pi. XXXVI, 2)
with four divisions. The body was in a bad state, but some wrappings remained and there was
carbonised cloth in the body cavity, so it was probably mummified. The palette has a little cake
of red and black ink in the cups, and on the back some faint notes in hieratic. This interment
may be attributed to the XIX"' Dynasty.
The two cross walls mentioned above, like the parallel one, do not reach to the floor pavement.
Between them o m. 60 cent, above the stone floor was another floor of brick, which had been
broken through to bury the two coffins of which we are now to speak (pi. IV).
N" 323. A wooden colfin, square-ended, high and narrow, with ridges at both ends. Two
exactly similar are seen in plate III. Over the west end of the lid stood part of a chair and a basket.
The contents of the basket were quite clean; they were an alabaster kohl vase with a stick in it,
two spheres and two pears of blue glaze (pi. XXXVIII, 9) and fourteen plaques and scarabs.
There was also a string of blue beads with a few glass ones among them, and above the body a
quantity of cloth laid flat. The materials of the scarabs are steatite and glaze. The tomb may
probably be dated to the XVIII''' Dynasty.
N" 324. Similar coffin of the iiigh and narrow type, close to the last. One end rested on the
side of the pyramid; it was only 0 m. o5 cent, above the pavement.
Tliere were two bodies in the coflin, a small child above and an adult below. To north of the
head was an alabaster kohl vase, old and broken, and a string of beads still threaded, the pattern
thus •••*****•••, three spherical carnelian, then two parallel rows, each of five white glaze (?)
beads, then three carnelians again.
Below the head was a bronze mirror of broad pear shape with handle of the same metal, and
over the head were 2-3 centimetres thickness of carbonised wrappings. In the body cavity were
the bones of an unborn child near full term.
In this neighbourhood were four other burials in mats, the heads of which were directed each
to a separate point of the compass, north, south, east and west.
A fragment of a stela close by, bearing the inscription ^^m 1 ^^ must belong to an
earlier age.
At the same low level were two wooden statuettes of the Middle Kingdom type (pi. XXXII, 9),
one with a single arm, the larger of them o m. 96 cent, long; then, to the east of the pyramid.
4 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
near the north-east corner, and o m. 5o cent, above the floor, a wooden plaque, plastered and gilt
(pi. V, 2) bore the name of king Neferkara; near it, but not necessarily connected with it, were
four alabaster drill caps like those in foundation deposits, and some long cylindrical blue beads.
Another group of stone drill caps were found in close proximity to the south-east corner of the
pyramid, together with two rude alabaster vases 0 m. o5 cent, to 0 m. 07 cent, high and several
fragments of small plaques of faience (ca. 7 by 3 cent. 5), on one of which was an inscription
in ink [T|o )• A few cylindrical beads, very long and thin, and an •¥• of blue glaze completed
the group which must surely have come from a foundation deposit and, as the pavement in
this quarter has been disturbed, may be derived from the foundations of the pyramid.
The torso of a small limestone statue, o m. 26 cent, high, bearing on the back the name^^^,
a small oar from a model boat and a bit of an alabaster lid (0 m. 09 cent.) inciscil 4»L^^
I A ^B, must be added to the list of small antiquities in this layer. An angarib, indistinguish-
able from the modern product, was placed against the north wall, 0 m. 70 cent, from the floor.
To the north of the north-east corner was the vase-shaped slip of wood (pi. V, /i) with the
name of Pepy : to the west of this and near the middle of the north face were still more of
the dummy alabaster vases with drill caps and pestles and a lot (at least 60) of the small saucers
so well known near Old Kingdom tombs. These alabasters have the look of foundation deposits,
but it is not easy to see where they had been buried.
XIX^" DYNASTY CHAPELS.
Above the Neferkara pyramid, and at its east side, the lower part of a stela with the name
f"^ V— < ^ was found (pi. IV. stela, pi. XXXVII , 1 ). In front of it were the bases of several pillars
in two rows and before these, on the same level, a large stone-lined shaft, the mouth of which
had once been covered by slabs. These all clearly belonged together. Five metres south was
another wall, running 7 metres to the west; only one block of the face remained (south face)
but this bore in low relief the feet of two figures wearing sandals with turned up toes : the wall
reappeared further west, above the west wall of the pyramid yard and there turned south. Here
again were fragmentary sculptures and before these walls was a pavement, above which a consider-
able number of pieces of inscription were found. One of these bore a cornice with two short
columns of inscription O \\\ " "| ( and 3C^ I' 4= * It ill "
In the same neighbourhood and probably derived from the same building, were two blocks
(pi. XXXVII, 6), ca. 1 m. 10 cent, by 0 m. 62 cent., of detailed work and rather deep sunk
relief, with much colour, representing an adoration of Osiris.
The statue in plate XXXVII, 2, 3, was found on the level of the XIX"' Dynasty pavement to
the west of the part preserved. It represents 0|1] '~**~H'( again, kneeling and holding a table
f™ . Ill •• I I
oilermgs.
With these chapels were connected four shafts which sank tlu-ough the pyramid pavement and
opened into chambers below. The first of these, the one opposite the pillars (33 2 ) was filled with
WORK EAST OF TETA PYRAMID. 5
clean sand and opened at 9 in. 5o cent, depth into a cliam])er, vvliicli opened into three others,
all thoroughly looted; on the floor, however, one good ohject remained, a hlue glaze plaque
(pi. XXXV, 6) 0 m. 9.3 cent, by o in. i55 mill., pierced at the top for suspension and bearing
this inscription in black fired in the glaze ~'^H~, ' f ^l^l^^^- '*'''^^ "*"^*
have come from one of the original burials. Near it was a large Red Sea shell. Further, on tlie
floor of the shaft was an unfinished Osiride statue, seated, covered with rough chiselling,
0 m. 96 cent, from base to shoulder; the head was found separate. Higher in the sand, just half
way down the shaft, were two undamaged burials, laid side by side in the north-west corner,
head east.
The smaller one was a child's burial in an oblong box, the larger, an anthropoid coffin brightly
painted. The lid had been varnished, the body of the coffin had not. It would appear that the
original XIX''' Dynasty burial was robbed as early as the XXII'"' Dynasty.
A second shaft (333) opened on three sides (north, east, west) into irregular chambers a
metre high : in each of these were a lot of poor, decorated, anthropoid coffins, thorouglily robbed
and thrown about. In the west chamber were a set of coarse Canopic heads. A barrel-shaped
bead of red glass 0 m. olx cent, long, an amethyst scarab, a plaque with curved top inscribed
above and below 0», a little ivory rod (o m. 08 cent.) with buttonlike top, in shape like a
toadstool, and two bronze rods (o m. 12 cent, long) were the small objects found.
Though the dating of these common coffins is uncertain, they would be certainly attributed to
a period later than the XXII"*^ Dynasty, and it may well be that nothing from the original burial
was found by us.
The third shaft (334) is that which cuts through the east face of the small pyramid (pi. I,
to the left of the wooden platform which is over shaft 336). The pyramid was entirely forgotten;
the well-sinkers came upon the sloping face, found it interfere with their shaft, so cut through
the stone. For some reason, however, the tomb was not finished; at 7 m. 5o cent, down, the
shaft ends without a chamber. But 9 m. 5p cent, from the bottom there was a burial, an
anthropoid coffin with bright decoration in red and blue on a yellow background. No varnish
had been used. Inside was a cartonnage, the face yellow, wig yellow and white stripes, colours
of the scenes red and blue on yellow. This is of a definite and well-known type but not, to my
knowledge, dated.
The next shaft (338) was more productive. It had, of course been robbed, but in the sand
filling were broken coffins of the late type, bits of headrests, the handle of a wooden sickle and
a model hoe (pi. XXXIV, 4) a wooden double tray (3), a cylindrical wooden vase, incomplete
(1), a dad (3), three staffs and some dom nuts. Below this we came again into clean sand, then,
at 9 m. 5o cent, from the top, to the chamber (to the west, 5 metres by li metres) and beyond
it to another, rather smaller. Both these rooms were filled with coffins and fragments of coflins of
late period, some brightly painted, others of plain wood with the arms and body indicated in low
relief on the lid. Scattered among them were the small objects shown in plate XXXIV, 2 and 3,
and also the four harps (pi. XXXIII).
The ivory Hathor head should be placed below the shallow bowl to the right vvitii which it
6 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQAHA, 1906-1907.
fits; tlie double kohl pot is of limestone, the fragment on tlie left and tlie spatula below
(o m, 09 cent, long) of wood. There were also two pairs of castanets and a bronze spearhead.
The harps are more important : the pieces are seen in plate XXXHI as they were found. They
were very much decayed, light as paper, and had to be soaked in paraffin before they could be
handled. Ti>ey were four in number; each consists of three parts, a boat-shaped body, hollowed
from a single piece of wood and solid at one end where a hole is pierced to receive the upright
standard : their lengths varied from 0 m. 88 cent, to 1 m. 3 9 cent. The body of the harp was
closed above by a sounding board pegged on with wooden nails, and on the upper surface of this
was a raised ridge pierced willi a series of holes (9 1 to 98). In the standards (67, 69, 78 centi-
metres long) were fixed a series of pegs (16, 18) and the strings were stretched between these
and the ridge on the sounding board. But none of the cords remained and the harps had
been broken up.
KARENEN TOMB.
To the east of the southern niche of the mastaba are several square shafts of Old Kingdom
tombs, all very thoroughly robbed. In the side of one of these, close to the mastaba, the work-
men observed a hole and looking through it saw a chamber containing a coffin and some wooden
statuettes, evidently an undisturbed Middle Kingdom tomb.
Above the chamber was some brickwork, the nature of which we had not before understood,
filling the space between the outer and inner casings of the mastaba. It was the brick lining of
the shaft leading to the tomb into which we had looked, so the Old Kingdom shaft was tempo-
rarily filled in again and the Middle Kingdom shaft cleared.
When the floor was reached, at a depth of 5 metres below the top of the masonry at that
point and 1 1 metres below the Greek pavement close by, to the west, the openings of two
chambers were disclosed, one to the north, one to the south. The north door was of blocks of
stone and had been disturbed in ancient times so that the account of this burial will be but
short. The blocking of the southern chamber was of brick and had not been violated and the
clearing of this tomb gave us active occupation for some weeks.
NORTH CHAMBER. TOMB OF ^"^^.
The north chamber was closed by two upright slabs of stone 9 metres high : a comer of one
had been broken away to allow entrance to a robber and the hole thus made had been closed
again by the undertakers of the burial on the other side of the shaft.
At the base of the door were four pots, two bottle-shaped and two coarse cylindrical jars with
slightly spreading mouth (pi. XXXIX).
When the mouth of the tomb was opened we could at once see that this burial, and therefore,
probably, the more important southern one, had sufl"ered from the white ants. The lid of the
great outer cofiin could be seen, but the sides had collapsed; there were signs too of robbery,
viz., human bones on the top of the lid.
KARENEN TOMB. 7
The chamber (2 m. 60 cent, by 1 m. 5o cent, by 1 m. 70 cent, liigli), was just large enough
to contain the cofiin, with a narrow space to one side and on tlie east, in a little recess, room
for a canopic box.
Under the collin lid at the south-east end was the fragment of a statue in black granite (pi. XI).
Little of the real wood of the colHn was left : the mass of white ant tunnels whicli occupied its
place could be gathered up in the hand, and the fingers would pass almost without resistance
through a foot thickness of this porous material. No part of the coflin could be preserved but it
was noted that the outer surface was painted yellow with columns of incised hieroglyphs at a
span distance apart.
Nothing was seen of the inner cofiin nor of the skeleton, except the bones that lay on the top
of the outer lid.
Close to tlie canopic cliest was a liammerstone of quartzite stained by paint. A bowl covered
with another inverted bowl contained bones of a calf's leg and some organic dust, derived from
the cloth in which they had been wrapped. A few almond-sliaped carnelian beads were found
on the floor, below the coflin lid, and two more of the same kind appeared afterwards in the
mud mortar of the wall which closed the southern chamber.
The canopic jbox was of thin wood; from it the name of the owner of the tomb was re-
covered; the vases had disappeared, the lids were of wood, all humanheaded, with beards and
painted ; they were badly eaten away, and the vases were represented by fragmentary shells of
paint, with some remains of cloth.
Between the colhn and the canopic chest was a mass of fragments of wood and pottery,
among them a boat, o m. 80 cent, long, with the owner seated in a cabin in the stern.
Behind him was a trunk and there were traces of a steersman and of a sailor hauling on a
rope, a large steering oar, a mast-rest (?) and the deck with its red and white chequer pattern.
A model of a brewing scene could also be recognised.
This tomb had evidently been robbed in very early times and the inner coffin with the body
of the deceased seems to have been destroyed and removed. There are grave suspicions against
those who conducted the funeral of Karenen.
SOUTH CHAMBER. TOMB OF j t' — ^ AND |
f"^
*
We now turned to the southern chamber and took down the brick wall. The first glance
showed that the tomb had suffered nothing from man but very much from the white ant, as
will be seen from the photograph reproduced in plate XII, which was taken be. -e anyone
entered the tomb. The greater part of the chamber was filled by two large cofTms ^ nted
yellow and bearing inscriptions in blue. Models of boats and granaries and various statuettes
stood on the two coffins and in the spaces between one of them and the wall. In the south-
east corner was a canopic chest with a granary above it and a boat placed over that. To the
left was the hole by which we had looked in from the Old Kingdom shaft.
On a ledge above it, which was left by the workmen as soon as they broke into the older
tomb, were a boat and a vase of black clay. But the massive wooden coffins had been so badly
8 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
attacked by the white ants that they had given way, and a side of one of them had collapsed.
Some model figures, placed too near the edge of the lids, had fallen over upon others placed
on the ground, while others had fallen through the body of the conin. This was clearly a tomb
where much might be seen that could not be transported, so we photographed as far as possible
the objects before tliey were moved from the tomb.
Plate XII shows the eastern half of the tomb as it appeared when opened, with the coffin of
Karenen on the right; plate XIII gives a view of the western coffin, taken when the first half of
the floor had been cleared.
A group of four pots were first removed, three of them cylindrical jars two of which contained
black clay, and one a bottle, all of rough red ware : the shapes are given in plate XXXIX, i.
One jar was closed by a stopper of black clay.
Above these was the procession of women and boys, a double row of wooden statuettes, the
tallest o m. 38 cent, high, fixed in a board i m. 6o cent, long (pi. XV). The figures are made
of common wood, but, being fairly free from other objects and more exposed to the air, had
almost escaped the insects' attacks. The statuettes are represented as carrying food and drink
in baskets and jars for the funeral festival; some women bear flowers, two boys carry a box
of clothes, another a bowl of charcoal and a fan, yet another a green painted mat and a headrest.
The women are painted yellow, the boys red.
The kitchen from the top of the cofiin was next taken out. The model was about o m. yS cent,
long; the side walls remain, the floor had gone but its thickness (o m. o/i cent.) could still be
seen as the layers of blue paint remained in place. At one end was a man holding a tray, in the
middle another roasting a goose and in a corner the scene of tlie slaughter of an ox.
When this object was moved, several small pieces, presumably belonging to it, were found
on the coffin lid below, — two figures of girls and two ovens, one a plain cylinder of wood,
painted blue with horizontal red lines, another of the beehive shape.
The bowl, containing veal bones and covered with another bowl inverted over it, was now
moved and the vineyard could be examined. It is seen in plate XIII, leaning against the west
coffin, from the lid of which it had fallen. It is painted blue and represents the vine very
summarily by little arches of wood supported on wooden pillars, which show that the vine was
at this time grown on trellises set on brick columns. The model had, of course, a floor once,
but the termites got at it from below. (Dimensions ca. o m. 6o cent, by o m. 5o cent.)
Under this the next model can be seen.
It represents a building open on one side and with a court in front; the roof is supported by
a single pillar, the cross beam and rafters are carefully reproduced. The inner half of the shelter
is divided into two storeys : in the lower are three chambers with square doors while the upper is
open, with two small pillars as further support for the roof. The door, painted red, is in a
corner of the yard. In the court are a series of large vases, a man behind them leaning forward, a
table with beer jars, two baskets (?), two flat trays, a large vase lying on its side on a support like
a barrel on trestles, a man with a yoke on his shoulder and lastly a joint of meat, this made like
the hieroglyph ff . In the rooms at the back are little bits of wood, flat and of the shape of an
isosceles triangle. There is further a little circular table , the leg of wood , the top of bronze, and two
KARENEN TOMB. 9
objects which may not form any part of this model, namely, a small ewer of cast bronze,
o m. 06 cent, high, and a basin to correspond of beaten bronze, both of them inscribed. On
the ewer is cut, quite carelessly : '"I"' ■W^^ ^ I V ^ ^| ip, and on the basin :
• fsCn 1 O » -B* C~3 <=► A*^«~»^
The board forming a side of the model seen in plate XII behind the bowl was now moved
and the two boats near the canopic box better seen. The nearer boat (n" 9) was a metre long
but is badly damaged, the hulk being nearly destroyed; we could see that it rose sharply from
the water line at bow and stern, that it was painted yellow, pierced along the bulwarks by a
series of holes at 0 m. 08 cent, intervals and that the deck was white with red thwarts.
There were ten rowers, one lookout, one reis with 4- stafl before the cabin , a fender or mallet,
mast-step, landing plank and T shaped mast-rest, mast and two yards (these are laid in the mast
rest) peg, stakes and canopy with open sides; the figure of the owner was made of superior
wood. Below the boat was the fallen steersman and a long steering oar.
Under the boat and across the deck respectively, were two long objects (0 m. .09 cent.)
tapering at one end (pi. XXVI, 29), and painted white with red and black patches : these may
represent the spears of the crew laid in a spearcase like a large quiver. There were also shields,
both red and white and black and white; it was not easy to see which belonged to each boat,
and two reeds (o m. 09 cent, long) may also belong to either boat.
The further boat (n° 7) was of similar type and in better condition, the main difference
being that the mast was stepped and the T shaped rest laid on the deck forward. In the cabin
sat the proprietor, his trunk behind him, on each side of him a reed and one of the spearcases.
Four sailors were hoisting sail; a man seated on deck before the cabin read to Karenen from
a roll; before the mast were three sailors and a lookout and two more had fallen over-board.
Two shields still hung on the roof of the cabin, both on one side. The position of the sailors
showed that the boat was supposed to be sailing upstream.
The boat from the top of the granary (n° 6) which was now moved, was of another type,
representing the light boat, once made of reeds and propelled by paddles, not by oars. The
stem and stern have the shape of a papyrus flower and the sides are painted green. The owner,
made, as usual, of better wood than the sailors, sits on a square seat. There are eight men
armed with paddles with broad leaf-shaped blades. The mast is laid in the rest T, which is raised
in its place; by the side of it lies the gangplank, with a mooring stake on either side and a mallet
on the left. Under the boat one spearcase (?) and part of another. This boat is paddling down
stream.
Laid also on the granary at the north-east corner was a small box (pi. XVIII, 3) containing
model tools. It has a sliding lid and two knobs for tying the lid. The nails on the floor had rotted
so the sides and lid could be lifted ofl" and shown separately. (Dimensions o m. 16 cent, by
o m. i3 cent.)
The granary (n° 5) is a double one with a central court : on the inside partition walls doors
are painted with red for the frame and white for the panels : there are holes in the roof to
Excavation! at Saqqara , 1906-1907. 9
10 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
pour in the grain. A lot of real grain had been placed in it, both in the granaries and on the
floor of the court. A stair leads up on to one roof. There is a workable door to the model which .
would once open and shut on a pivot hinge. Two scribes sit on the roof of one granary and
write.
Two pairs of sandals, made of light wood, but of natural size, were also laid on the granary,
one pair on the roof, one in the court.
The granary was now removed and we turned to the canopic chest (n° 4). It is o m. 55 cent,
by 0 m. 55 cent, by o m. 56 cent, high exclusive of the lid. The pegs that held on the lid were
drilled out and the lid taken out; it was inscribed "f^^ ^J^ P J^ O T*©* U CZ!^' '^'^^ ^^^
is of a drab colour and a good deal plastered. Two thirds down are a pair of crossed slats. In
each of the four divisions were the remains of a canopic vase; what was left was canvas carton-
nage painted yellow and decorated with black lines, but there may have been an internal vase of
wood. One vase had a human headed lid (north-east). Above and by the side of the canopies
were a lot of sherds from a large red bowl of the period, also from a smaller bowl that had
contained resin, all used, as it seems, to keep the vases from shaking. The north-west vase was
painted with diagonal stripes of yellow and red to imitate alabaster, the south-east had black
spots on white. Three of them contained masses of carbonised wrappings which fell to pieces
when touched, but Dr. Elliot Smith recognised two of them as viscera, one the stomach (in
the north-west vase) and the other a parcel of intestine.
Between the two coffins and nearly fallen through, resting on the spongy mass of white ant
tunnels were three models, two of them of more than average interest. The first (pi. XVI)
shows us Karenen enjoying an evening with a party of musicians. He is seated in his palanquin,
which served, it appears, indoors as an easy chair; he has a harper on each side of him, three
singers in front and the favourite on a stool before his knees.
This is the most attractive of all these groups; it is new to us and it is carried out with
simplicity and yet with the necessary detail. Karenen is made of the superior dark wood; he
carries a wand ending in a hand; the girls are clearly dancing girls, for one of them wears the
knob-ended queue of the gymnast.
To the right, (north) of this, was a potter's workshop and to the right of it again the most com-
plete of the carpenter's shops (pi. XVII, 4). The model is o m. /is cent, long and was enclosed by
low walls which have mostly disappeared. At one end a man is sawing; the little bronze saw still
sticks in the wood, the handle lies at his feet; on the near side is the rod which served to
tighten the cords which the Egyptians always lashed round a log before sawing it.
To the right is a man working a bow drill and another shaping a headrest with an adze. After
the rotten wood was cleared away we were able to open the inner coffin of Nefer-semdet-entheb
but we may leave the account of it to the end and finish the list of the small objects.
Another granary (n° 17) stood on the top of the second coffin in the middle. It was
o m. bU cent, by o m. 5o cent., and similar to the last one except that the door was in one
corner, not in the centre, so that the left granary had to be shorter than the one on the right.
We now go on to the objects on the western coffin, that of the lady. At the north end, not
KARENEN TOMB. 11
visible in plate XIII, was a kitchen or slaughter-house (length o m. 60 cent., breadth
0 m. 61 cent., height 0 m. 35 cent.). It is shown, after being taken outside and cleaned, in
plate XIX, 1 ; there should be two small pillars between the two roofs; one only was found.
On the near side of the yard two men are killing an ox; another, whose head is just seen, is
roasting a goose. The man under tiie shelter appears to be making beer. Inside the inner
chamber were wooden models (0 m. o5 cent, to 0 m. 07 cent, long) of joints of meat, three in
number.
Behind and under the granary n" 17 was the second vineyard (n" 62) (pi. XIX, 9)
(0 m. /19 cent, by 0 m. 87 cent, and o m. 1 3 cent, in height). In it were three figures, one a man
standing with the left arm and the right leg raised, another a squatting figure, whether a man
or a woman was not observed, and three women, two of them in squatting posture. It is probable
that these figures formed part of the model, but the white ants had done so much damage
that it could not be completely planned; some parts were a mere shell of paint. Comparison
with the other vineyard did not help, as its floor too had disappeared and any figures that may
have been on it were lost.
To the left of this stood another boat (n" 16) shown in plate XVII, 9. The hulk is eaten
out at one end to a shell into which the rowers have fallen. The mast and two yards were
complete, and the statuette of the lady, in dark wood, was still in the boat, but the canopy
had fallen over : it differed from those on Karenen's boats in being nearly closed in front. In
this inverted canopy or cabin we found part of the figure of a girl, her harp, a tiny bronze
knife, a wooden mirror the size of a sixpence and the top of a fan of wood.
There were ten rowers, larger than usual; their oarblades were of a broad leaf shape and
curved at the tip. The pear-shaped mallet, the mast-step and a peg were also recovered. It is
very curious, considering the freedom of womens' lives, to find that propriety required a mat
or curtain to be drawn before the door of this lady's cabin.
To the left of this big boat, on the corner of the lid, was another workshop of a potter and a
sawyer (n" i5). This is shown in plate XVII, 1 and 3 (0 m. 38 cent, by o m. 96 cent.).
To the right of this, between it and the boat, was a model the nature of which was not clear;
it was possibly a laundry. (PI, XVIII, 9. Dimensions 0 m. ^7 cent, by 0 m. 90 cent.)
Lying on its side, between the last two and further back was another papyrus boat,
0 m. 70 cent. long. The T shaped mast-rest was raised and the mast and yards laid over the boat.
Under the shelter was a sitting statuette. The boat was green with black vertical stripes.
Behind the potter's shop (n° i5) were several small objects. One was a statuette of a girl
with her hands raised (pi. XVII, 1); she stood on a board, at the other end of which sat the
owner of the tomb in her palanquin. This was evidently the companion piece to the evening
entertainment of the husband, but it was in a very poor state. Close to it were : two pairs
of wooden sandals, parts of a painted box fallen to pieces (lid o m. 1 9 cent, by 0 m. o5 cent.),
a small box of tools, similar to that of Karenen and containing three saws, four adzes, nine
blades of chisels and adzes, — lastly the two good statuettes of the lady. These are visible in
plate XVII and are shown on a larger scale in plate XIV.
12 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 190G-1907.
The lid of the outer coffin was now removed and we obtained access to the north end.
The space between tlie coffin and the wall was filled with pottery, over which lay two wooden
objects, a boat and a brewery; the boat (n" 19), o m. 8li cent, long, of the heavy type. It has
a lookout, behind him a man lacing astern, then the mast, raised, astern of it two men squatting
and four hauling on shrouds; the cabin is nearly closed in front; behind it is the steersman.
Inside the cabin are three figures of hard wood, the lady, seated, with two maids before her,
one of whom holds up a tiny mirror, while the other probably once held a fan; she has a lotus
bud stuck in her wig. As in ail the boats sails and ropes have utterly disappeared.
The brewing scene (n" 20) is shown in plate XIX, 3. (Dimensions 0 m. 60 cent, by
0 m. 65 cent.) The court is divided into two by a wall leaving a passage at one end. In the
smaller and nearer division is a man standing in a tub, the contents of which are white; he is
probably kneading : next him is a girl with a poker in her hand and in the corner is a furnace.
Along the end wall are two oblong white objects witii lines scored on them along and across,
which may represent bread on trays. In the near corner (not visible in the photograph) is a man
standing, with white hands; he, doubtless, was making up the loaves for baking.
In the large division of the yard two girls side by side are working querns, and by the side
of them is a vessel for holding flour (?). The querns are not of the modern kind that rotates, but
the millstones, so often found in excavations, that were pushed backwards and forwards.
There is a kind of bowl attached to the lower stone in front, into which, I suppose, the
flour was pushed, a handful at a time. In front of this group is another girl holding a large
pestle in her extended hands but the vessel in which she was pounding or stirring is not pre-
served. In the corner is an oven and in front of it are two more girls, one seated, with a dish in
her lap.
The space below these last models was covered with pots. Above the rest, in the north-west
corner of the tomb was the large bowl containing veal bones and carbonised cloth (pi. XXXIX, 1).
It is a flat-bottomed bowl : it stood in another, and inverted over it was a third bowl, similar,
but round-bottomed.
The remainder, 90 in number, were chiefly of the round-bottomed bottle shape but six were
wide mouthed cylinders, one a high shouldered vase with spout, and one was a black I vase
(pi. XXXIX, 1, top row, second from right). Four bore rough mud stoppers, three of the peaked
kind, one flat and rounded.
Atthe south end of the coffin, on the floor, was tiie last of the boats (n" 79). It was a papyrus
boat with mast raised, painted green with black stripes and was in the worst condition. It is
sufficiently shown in plate XVIII, 1.
We may now proceed to the coffins and tg the examination of the bodies. The outer coffins
were very massive, their lids being 0 m. 2/1 cent, thick, but the state of preservation was very
bad. Parts of the lines of blue inscription on the outside could be copied, but the interiors
were hopeless. The inner coffins, however, being made of better wood, had sulTered very little
from the white ants. Tliey, like the outer ones, were covered on the inside with texts and these
have been examined by M. Pierre Lacau (p. 21 et seq.).
KARENEN TOMB. 13
INNER COFFIN OF KARENEN.
The lid was removed by drilling out the pegs, two at each end, which fastened the dowels.
The body had not been moved : it lay on the left side, the head to the north and resting on a
wooden pillow. Over the head was a cartonnage, the wig painted green, the face yellow, the
eyebrows, moustache and beard also green. Over the body was a mass of linen cloth just as in the
coffin of Khennu (pi. XXVIII) and above this and in front of the body lay a group of staffs and
bows; two bows were divided in halves, having been first sawn half througli, then snapped;
two were left entire. One of the nine staffs was carved to imitate a reed.
Some of the linen appeared in very good condition but some was very badly carbonised and
parts had been attacked by the termites. Part of a necklace could be seen still in place, stretched
on the outer wrapping; the end pieces were of gilt wood, tiie beads of glaze and cylindrical,
with a row of almond-shaped carnelian beads below. The body was now taken out, the head
photographed and the mask removed.
The following notes on the wrapping, etc., were kindly taken for me by Drs. Elliot Smith and
Dobbin.
On the outside a long sheet of cloth, folded in eight layers, was wrapped round the right side of the body. Next
under this came a second sheet on the left side; then a coarse towel, folded in eight in front of the body and a
similar one behind. Underneath these were more than twenty-three circular bandages connected with one another
longitudinally along the middle and front of the body, all the knots being on the front surface. Under these came
large masses of side padding, long oblique bandages from the shoulders towards the feet, in front of them. Under
these oblique bandages was the lower part of the cartonnage mask. Then came on the front of the body a series
of large pads of folded cloth and under them a second series of circular bandages just like the first, then a few
broad bands of cloth laid longitudinally and some more large pads of folded cloth both at the sides and on the
front of the body : then the arms were exposed, wrapped separately and folded across the chest, each hand
being on the opposite shoulder, the right forearm uppermost.
Below the arms the body was wrapped by a narrow spiral bandage : the arms were also held in position by
a number of bandages passing obliquely across the chest and pads of linen filled up the gaps between the
limbs. The hands were clenched with thumbs extended. On the neck was a collar of gilt cartonnage, of half
circular form , fastened round the neck with cord. The right hand held a half moon of wood covered with gold
foil.
Below this came a large sheet of linen with fringed edge and under it a single longitudinal sheet of linen
in contact with the skin.
The man was circumcised : the penis was not wrapped.
The whole body cavity was filled with parcels of linen bandages, on some of which incrustations of resin were
clearly seen. In the back of the upper part of the thorax a viscus (? heart) was found. The opening for embalm-
ment was a fusiform gaping wound in the usual position on the left flank.
Each leg was wrapped separately and the outermost separate wrapping thickly encrusted with red resin.
The inner wrappings, both on the limbs and body, were very much blackened and burnt and were covered
with salt crystals.
The face was thickly smeared with resin, plugs of which were also placed in the nostrils. Plugs of linen to
represent eyes were placed between the eyelids and a series of small round pebbles were laid under the lips.
The face bore a short, reddish moustache and beard of about two weeks growth and the short hair on the head
was of the same colour.
14 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
The race is typically Egyptian with aquiline nose, the head broad. The ears were not pierced. Inside the
cranium a large mass but no sign of perforation of the ethmoid bone.
On the left wrist was a copper bracelet, below it a large barrel-shaped carnelian bead and above it a double
row of large cylindrical blue glaze beads arranged vertically.
On the right wrist was a similar bracelet but no carnelian or copper ring.
On the right foot was an anklet of four horizontal rows of cylindrical beads and a similar one on the left.
COFFIN AND BODY OF |^ •^^.
The account of the last body will in many respects serve for this. The position was the same,
the mass of linen above the body, the cartonnage, the necklace, the headrest with the name
written on it in ink, but on the breast, over the end of the cartonnage, was a copper mirror
with wooden handle.
There were four bows, two of them broken deliberately, and four stall's. The necklaces,
similar to the last one, still partly adhered to the wrappings. The headrest was inscribed, both
on the top and on the shaft : this was fluted like a column and painted blue in the flutings;
the tips of the curved upper part were also painted.
When the body was lifted out it was seen that the left flank was badly decayed.
The succession of bandages observed was as follows. First a mass of folded cloth o m. 60 cent,
by 0 m. 06 cent., very brown and fragile, though coarse; it had a 0 m. o/i cent, fringe sewn on.
Then came a layer of fine cloth of 6 thicknesses, then hand-broad bandages across the body and
in ffV-sbapen over the shoulders. Under these was a doubled cloth folded once round the body,
then a series of ties 0 m. 08 cent, apart, across the body. Below these came 10 thicknesses of
coarse wrapping and three of fine, this latter doubled over the shoulders. The mirror was now
free ; it lay between the two lapels of the wig.
Over the front of the body now appeared a mass of black gauze and under it a series of cross
ties 0 m. 10 cent, apart. Below these were pads o m. i5 cent, broad with long fringes, two on
the left side, one on the right, placed along tlie sides of the body. Diagonal strips of about
the same breadth ran from the two shoulders. Two more, 0 m. 26 cent, broad, were placed
on the two sides, the ends of these last split for tying. Next came a pad of 6 thicknesses, all
fringed, and reaching from the chest to the knees. The mask could now be removed, and the
body be seen, neatly wrapped up in circular ties, one of which ran downwards over the
face.
Up to this point the cloth had been brown or dark brown, below this it became blacker and
carbonised; one layer was brushed away in dust. The arms were crossed over the breast, right
arm above.
(At this stage Drs. Elliot Smith and Dobbin took up the note-taking.)
The arms are in the same position as the male's arms, the hands' however, are not clenched but on the
shoulders.
On the left upper arm was a ring of bronze, none on the right. On the right wrist five rows of cylindrical blue
beads, on the left wrist a single carnelian similar to that of the male; above the carnelian a row of beads.
TOMB OF KHENNU AND APA-EM-SA-F (289). 15
The ears were not pierced. The hair was arranged in a mass of small plaits on the back of the head, the
hair in front was cut short.
Inside the skull was a huge black mass which broke f ith a shining fracture but the ethmoid was perfectly
intact.
The posterior bandages and the whole of the body had fallen away before the mummy was examined.
The interest of this examination ot" the bodies is that there has been a lack of well authenticated
cases of mummification before the New Empire. The date of these bodies is fairly established
as being of the Early Middle Kingdom or even before tliis, and the fact of their being mummified
and the skill born of old experience with which the process was carried out are both very
clear.
TOMB OF KHENNU AND APA-EM-SA-F (289).
This is one of the pair of shafts in the south-west of the great mastaba. Nothing remained of
the chapel above but some brick detritus. The shaft was lined with long blocks of stone carefully
laid in o m. 29 cent, courses and was above h metres deep.
There was one chamber, to the south, the entrance of which was blocked by a wall of brick
almost certainly intact when found. When this was removed the view given in plate XXVII
appeared. Two burials lay side by side, occupying the greater part of the bare stone cliamber :
each consisted of two coffins, the outer one of ordinary wood which had been attacked by ants
and had largely lost the character of wood; the sides and lids had slipped away. Near the door
was a lot of pottery; at the end of the east coffin a canopic chest could be seen, and on the lid
of the west coffin were a boat, a wooden statuette and some more pots. In general the tomb was
very similar to that last described, though by no means so richly furnished.
EAST COFFIN *-'^ "^
|-<V
The outer coffin had panelled pattern in relief and was painted yellow. On the lid were several
little wooden figures, the poor remains of a set of models of offering-bearers, boats and work-
shops. The ruins of the outer lid were swept away and the inner removed. Inside was a
mass of white ant casts. At the north end was an alabaster head-rest; the blue wig of cartonnage
had existed but only a shell of paint remained. The face had the moustache, whiskers and beard
in blue on a white ground. Over the body lay a mass of linen wrappings of feathery consistency.
Under the skull were two ears of plaster; they appeared to have been between the wrappings
but more probably formed part of the cartonnage mask.
The necklace, of blue cylindrical beads with two end pieces, lay in a heap between the body
and the east side of the coffin. The forearms were bent up : the body was that of a youth as the
epiphyses were not all joined.
The canopic chest, o m. 355 mill, broad, lay in a collapsed condition at the south end of the
coffin. In it were some sherds of pottery but no canopic vases; these must have been, then, of
wood or cartonnage.
16 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
On the sides were the following texts incised and painted in blue.
On the top of the coffin were traces of a boat.
A rectangular paint slab of dark stone with sloping sides, and three small bronze tools were
found when the tomb was cleared on this side. This was a rather poor burial, no doubt owing
to the youth of the deceased.
WEST COFFIN ® «V.
#■•••"•» — £a
On the lid, besides the good boat, the o m. aB cent, figure of a man, the spouted vase and
bowl and the I vase seen in plate XXVIl, there were several other objects, — a cow, a sailor,
an oven, part of another oven, a girl with basket on her head and a pigeon in her hand, — -
all relics of models like those in Karenen.
A papyrus boat was hardly more than a shell of paint; it had a shelter with four papyrus bud
pillars gaily painted in bands of blue, green and yellow, separated by black and white rings, was
itself painted yellow with coloured bands near the bow and had a rosette on the end of the prow.
The better preserved boat is of the other and heavier type. It is o m. 76 cent, long and is
shown in plate XXIX. The figure of the master of the boat is inscribed with his name in ink.
There is a conical mallet or fender, while with black spots, which does not shew in the photo-
graph. The elaborate pattern on the cabin, always the same in these boats, is an imitation of
leather work. A third boat was found later, between the coffin and the wall.
In this again the proprietor squats below a canopy and has his name on his skirt; he wears
also a brace or strap over his left shoulder. There are ten sailors. The fender is a wooden cone
with a hole near the top and is coloured white with red spots. These objects may have been
hide bags stuffed with palm fibre if indeed they are fenders : perhaps it is more reasonable to
see in them mallets covered with hide. To the north of this boat was an oven 0 m. 1 5 cent, high,
one of the kind with a jar on the top ; near it was the leg of a bull ; these were the remains of
a kitchen or slaughter house.
The lid of the outer coffin could not be preserved, though there was time to observe that it
was covered internally witli texts w ritten in sliort columns. Underneath it on the lid of the inner
coffin lay a pair of wooden sandals.
A better preserved piece of the west side of the outer coffin now became visible, carved in
OTHER TOMBS OF MIDDLE KINGDOM. 17
recessed panel pattern like the granite coffin of Khufuankh. Along the top ran a line of large
blue hieroglyphs and on some of the projecting panels were columns of text in black.
On the east side the wood was less well preserved but tlie two eyes were carved on a separate
piece of better wood (o m. ok cent, thick) let into the plank.
The inner lid was now lifted and the view shown in plate XXVIII appeared. The mass of cloth
above the body was singularly white, only broken by a line of brown dust that had fallen between
the planks of the lid, and by a patch over the shoulders where the white ants had penetrated.
The body was on the left side, facing east, the head supported on a wooden pillow. The car-
tonnage was gilt on the face; the wig was dark green. The colours of the scenes and texts inside
the coffin were quite bright.
Laid over the body, one behind, the rest in front, were the staff" and bows. One was carved to
imitate a cane and above the joints were some bands of fine punctures made by minute nails;
another staff" has a round gilt knob.
There was a second imitation reed, a stout staff, a bow sawn in two and laid with the two
points towards the head, and another and longer staff laid behind the body. Of these several
were inscribed in ink with vertical columns of text, the two canes thus ■W^^ % 1 1 J^^
A great quantity of cloth was employed for the bandages; these were unwrapped and noted
with some care, but the details are not given here, as the character of the wrapping was much
the same as in the case of Karenen. A difference in position was that the hands were laid over
thepubes; some gold leaf found in the wrappings here no doubt came from a gilt sheath.
Below the body also was a ^ of wood. There were some bronze model tools among the beads
that lay in a heap below the chest. Under the head was a flat disc of red resin, o m. o8 cent, in
diameter and o m. oo3 mill, thick.
When the coffm was removed a square hole appeared below it in which was the canopic box.
This was empty except for some traces of cloth; it was inscribed on the lid and on the four sides;
the wood was o m. o35 mill, thick, the box o m. ia cent, square.
OTHER TOMBS OF MIDDLE KINGDOM.
These two tombs of Karenen and Khennu were the prizes but there were several other tombs
of the period in a more or less ruined state. Five shafts were found in the angle between the great
wall and the side of the mastaba.
In two (5o4 W. and E.) there were wooden figures from boats and in one of them a
boat in very bad condition; the owner was a woman. In another (5o6) tliough the coffin was
destroyed the canopic box, sunk in a pit under the coffin, remained, and a group of pots. There
were also two boats to the north of the canopic box, one of each kind; four shields hung over
Excavations at Saqqara, i^o6-tgO'], 3
18 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
the cabin of the heavier boat. The canopic box had been damaged : tlie base of a jar was found in
one of the four divisions. The box was inscribed on three sides; the name was again ^ ■ ^ J^^-
The next tomb (Boy) is shewn in plate XXX, a. The shaft must be under the great wall, the
door from it is seen in the background. The part accessible to us was probably an arched
brick chamber. In the filling were bronze tips of masts, four small bronze knives, fragments of
outer coflin, of boats and of models (a furnace). Sunk into the floor was the canopic box with
the name PT^I'I" V (height o m. Ba cent., sides o m. Bi cent, and o m. Bo cent., wood
0 m. 0 2 cent, thick). Inside the box was a large bowl inverted, daubed with a yellow plaster. The
box was divided into four by partitions o m. iB cent, high, and in these were sherds of canopic
vases of pottery daubed inside with pitch. Under the box was one of the ties used to letit down.
Generally the chapels have disappeared and only the shafts and chambers are to be seen; in
one case, however, that of (--^ J^^ I* ^*^ ^^^ *'^^ chapel, but could not try for the burial
below lest we brought down on us the huge Greek wall that hangs above.
The upper part of this tomb consisted of a mastaba of brickwork in the east side of which
was a niche lined by the three stelae shewn in plate X. The false door occupied the centre,
the two scenes of sacrifice and bringing of offerings, with the lady dining below, formed the two
sides. A late New Empire coffin had been buried with its head resting against the block of stone
on which the three stelae were erected.
This simple form of chapel in which three slabs take the place of the ornate chamber of an i
earlier period had been already recognised to be characteristic of these X'*" Dynasty tombs from
the fragments found in the preceding year, but nothing so well preserved had yet come to light. ii
Another shaft close to f--^ ^ J^^ I* could not be finished owing to the same danger of I
destroying the big wall. From it came several fragments of a stela bearing the name T-'-M
-^^~ (pi. VIII).
In the bank of earth left below the great south wall is a brick arched chamber [^6^) opening
from a shaft to the south and containing a heavy limestone sarcophagus. The south end had been
broken, the lid shifted to one side and the wooden coffm half dragged out.
Nothing more could be seen of the coffin than that it was o m. oS cent, thick and painted white
inside. The body was disturbed and there was another coffin to the south, later in date and much
decayed. Nothing but its position and level really connects this tomb with the rest of the group.
N° 281. A shaft lo metres deep with a chamber below to east, a m. Bo cent, long and only
1 m. Zio cent, broad : it opens into another and earlier chamber and the opening was bricked up.
In the floor was a hole (o m. 6o cent, square) intended for the canopic box but containing only
eight pottery bowls. A lot of other pots had been stacked by the last visitors into a corner of the
chamber. An alabaster head-rest, veal bones, a few human bones including a lower jaw, and
some beads were all that was left. The shapes of the pots, pi. XXXIX, 3, are similar to those
in Karenen's tomb, but not identical; they are rather coarser. High in the north side of this shaft
was another burial n" 283.
OTHER TOMBS OF MIDDLE KINGDOM. 19
N° 283, It was not dear whether this cliamher was approached from tlie shaft to the south,
or vvliether there had been another pit to the north, which we did not see. The chamber had walls
of brick and was roofed with limestone slabs; it had contained two coffins, but the outer one
was entirely eaten away, some fragments of plaster with hieratic texts proving its existence. The
inner codin too was mostly destroyed; it had been made of common wood which had disap-
peared but a o m. ooi mill, thick veneer of better wood nailed on with o m. 06 cent, pegs, was
well preserved. Part of this is seen in plate XXX, 2, and from it the nameliip 1 M was
obtained. There was a wooden headrest laid on the lid at the end.
N" 276. >^ jk • The stone-lined shaft next to the Khennu tomb. It is 1 m. 85 cent., by
1 m. 5o cent., by U m. 80 cent, deep, as preserved. The masonry is good, courses 0 m. 91 cent,
high, stones up to 1 metre in length.
In the shaft were a number of fragments of wood statues (pi. XXXII, 3) also bits of coarse
alabaster, parts of statuettes of sailors, a bone from a calfs foot, a fragment from a false door
and a wooden statuette half a metre high, of a man in a long skirt marked with horizontal
stripes; this was in too bad condition to be of value except that the very heavy wood of which it
is made may be a Sudan ebony.
There were also in the filling the small stela with the name Khety (pi. VII, U), a table of
offerings with very deep basins and the granite statue of a king (pi. XXXI).
Evidently the wooden statuettes were derived from the tomb, but it is not so clear whether
these last two objects may not have come from outside. The chamber is on the south; its door
had been closed by two limestone slabs which had been pulled back.
The walls and the roof, of a flat barrel shape, were covered with a layer of brown mud
plaster on which texts and scenes were painted directly without any white plaster. In the floor
was a cavity, 0 m. 56 cent, square, containing four vases and the ruins of a canopic box.
Some pots still stood on the east and north sides, the floor was covered with potsherds and on
the west side a few pieces from the coflin had been left though the greater part of the wood
had been removed.
The paintings on the south end are shewn on plate XXX, 3 : on the north the sides of the
door were left blank. The east wall is somewhat damaged; a slab of stone, the height of the
chamber, had been used to mask a weak patch in the rock and to this the plaster has not
adhered well : the part intact is covered by a menu rather roughly written in white paint. The
west side is complete : above is a line of large hieroglyphs in white and below it are two rows of
tables on which are depicted the various articles of funerary furnitui-e.
Going from right to left these objects are, — in the top row : 1" a headrest, standing alone,
then, on the first of the tables, 9° three vases, then 3° bracelets, k° anklets, 5° necklaces,
6° a table with domed top decorated with chequer pattern, 7" a table against which lean two
quivers; in the lower row 1° necklace and menal brightly painted, 2° bows and five staffs,
3° a pile of bags |^ these on a stool with feet imitating lions' legs, li° ewer and basin and a
tall vase, 5° a pile of oval objects, yellow with red outline, probably fruits, 6° two shields and
a spearcase, and lastly, 7° a pair of sandals.
3.
so
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
The square depression in the floor contained four vases of the normal high shouldered canopic
type made of pottery covered inside and out with a coat of plaster. One of the pieces of the
canopic box bore the incised text V ,.., I 7 M^ j^ \^ , another V ^Jk^ i f ^^
and a third ]K * ^S* '^^^ fragments of the coffin remaining included some pieces of veneer
0 m. oo8 mill, thick covered with hieratic text in black ink, probably from the lid. This tomb
had been robbed before the white ants passed over the site.
PIAR OF AREA BETWEEN THE GREAT WALLS.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX
fiCRITS SUR LES SAUCOPHAGES
PAR M. PIERRE LACAU.
Tlie religious texis painted on these cotlins of the eariy Middle Kingdom have been examined by M. Lacau who has
furnished me with the following notes on three of the best among them. Under the iiead of each coflin is given the list of
llie chapters it contains. Then follows the text of all new chapters and of a few ciiaplers which are not found often. The
rest of the chapters on our coflins have not been collated with the Pyramid texts or with oilier versions already
publishe<l. — J. E. Q.
SARCOPHAGE DE [J
Couvercle. 64 lignes verticales (■— •) retrogrades :
1-3 (sans sep.) = Pep»/, 60-6 i,jusqu'a ^^ f (fj^
(>)
3-5 (sanssep.) = Pep! 7, io3, jusqua |"j"[|i
5 (sansspp.) = Une phrase quon retrouvera dans
le sarcophage de ® * \> couvercle, 1. 4-5.
5-1 3 (sans sep.
i3 (sans sep.
i3-9i (sans sep.
21-29 (sans sep.
29-39 (sans sep.
39-43 (sans sep.
Irouve dans t
plus loin ch. x
49-44 (sans sep.
44-45 (sans sep.
45-46 (sans sep.
46-47 (sans sep.
47-48 (sans sep.
48-5o (sans sep.
5o-5i (sans sep.
5 1-54 (sans sep
55-58 (sans sep.
58-6o (sans sep.
60-62 (sans sep.
63-63 (sans sep.
63-64 (sans sep.
= Pepi I, 103-107.
= Pepi 1 , 107^.
^ Pepi 1 , 107-1 1 1.
^=Pepi I, 1 1 1-1 i4.
= Pepi I, 59-61.
= Un texte nouveau qui se re-
"^ , couvercle, 1. sg-Si (voir
xiviu).
= Pepi 1 , 61-63.
= Pept /, io3-io4.
= Pepi I, 63^, jusqu'a — ^ ^^
= Pepi I, 69°
= Pepi 1 , 63-63.
^ Pepi I, 63^de";f a||s=
= Pe/>i/, 63-64.
^Pepil, 64^ jusqu'a '^^='\'^
= Pepi I, 100-101 .
^^Pepi I, 101-109.
= Pepi I, 19 2^.
==Pept /, 193'^.
= Pepi I, 193-194.
C6te de la t6te. 9 lignes verticales : (•
1-5 (sans sep.) = Ottnrt*, 5 6-60.
5-9 (sans Sep. ) = 0«na«, 6 1-6 3.
•)
Cote des pieds. i5 lignes verticales (-— ) retro-
grades :
1-1 3 (sans Sep.) = //ari^o/ep, 937-245.
i3-i5 (sans sep. )^ Texte nouveau (voir ch. i).
Cote droit. 58 lignes verticales : (■— •)
1- 3 ^ Texte nouveau (voir ch. 11).
3-10 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. iii).
10-1 8 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. iv).
18-98 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. v).
28-3o = Texte nouveau (?) (voir ch. vi).
3o-3i = Texte nouveau (voir ch. vii).
3 1-33 ^ Sarcophage de Amamu, pi. XXIX, 1. 9-3
(voir ch. VIII ).
32-39 = Un chapitre qui se decompose ainsi :
33-34 (sans sep.) = OMnas, 46o-469(voirch.ix).
34-37 (sans sep.) = Texte nouveau (voir ch. ix).
d']-3^='Livre des morls, ch. lxvii (debut) (voir
plus loin ch. ix).
39-45 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. x).
45-59 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xi).
53-56 = Un chapitre qui se decompose ainsi :
59-55 (sans sep.) = Sarcoph. du Caire n° 38o83 ,
cote 4, 1. 38-4o (voir ch. xii).
55-56 = Sarcophage du Caire n° 28083, cote 4 ,
1. 4o-43 (voir ch. xii).
57-58 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xiii).
C6te gauche. 97 lignes verticales (-— ) retro-
grades :
1- 3 (sans sep. ) = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xiv).
'■' Journal d'entree du Musee, n° 39o54.
32 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907
3.3.^ = Un lexte qui se decompose ainsi :
3- 8 — = Texts nouveau qui se retrouve dans J "^
'^, c6le droit, 1. i-4 (voir ch. xv).
8-i8 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xv).
18-97 = 0«nn«, /i/i3-446 avec de jjrandes dif-
ferences.
Fond. 1 06 Hgnes verticales (-^) retrogrades :
1- 7 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xvi).
.j-i3 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xvii).
,3.i'7 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xviii).
i-j-ai =Texte nouveau (voir ch. xix).
2 1-9 9 — Litre des morts ,86(1'" phrase) ( voir ch. xx).
29-9 4 = . 4 mflmu, pi. XXIX, I. i-a (voir ch. xxi).
94-99 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xxii).
9g.35 =i/Ham«, pi. XXVII, 1. 1-6 (voir ch. xxiii).
35-4o = i4»iam«, pi. XXVII, I. 6-9 (voir ch. xxiv).
4o-42 ^Amamu, pi. XXVII, I. 9-1 1 (voir ch. xxv).
42-43 = ^mrtni«, pi. XXVII, I. 1 1-12 (voirch. xxvi).
li'i-U6 = Livre des morts, lU^ {8" demeure) =i4ma-
mu, pi. XXVII, I. 12-1 5 (voir ch. xxvii).
46-5 1 = Amamu , pi. XXVII , 1. 1 5-i 8 (voir ch. xxviii).
5i-56 = imaniM, pi. XXVII, 1. 18-21 (voirch. xxix).
56-6 1 = Amamu, pi. XXVII, I. 21-24 et pi. XXVIII,
1. 1-2 (voir ch. XXX ).
61-67 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xxxi).
67-78 = Amamu, pi. XXVIII, 1. 9-7 (voir ch. xxxii).
73-77 = Amamu, pi. XXVIII, 1. 7-1 0 (voir ch. xxxiii).
77-81 (ou 82) = Amamu, pi. XXVIII, 1. 10-1 4 (voir
ch. XXXIV ).
81 (ou 82)'"-! 01 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xxxv).
ioi-io4^Texle nouveau (voir ch. xxxvi).
1 o4-i 06 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xxxvii).
SARCOPHAGE DE
Couvercle. 76 lignes verticales (■— •) retrogrades :
1-2 (sans sep.) = Peyt /, 60-61, jusqua s= ^ -
3-4 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 1 o3 , jusqu'a \j\\[
4 (sans sep.) = Une phrase qui se retrouve dans
• » \, couvercle, 1. 4-5.
4-11 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 108-107.
11 (sans sep.) = PepJ /, 107^.
1 1-17 (sans Sep.) = Pep /, 107-1 1 1.
1 7-2 1 ( sans sep. ) = Pep /, 1 1 1 - 1 1 4.
91-29 (sans Sep.) = Pep« /, 59-61.
99-81 (sans sep.) = Texte nouveau qui se retrouve
dansjJS, couvercle, 1. 89-49 (voir ch. xxxviii).
3 1-34 (sans sep.) = Pep /, 61-69.
35-87 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 62-68 (deux chapitres
melanges).
87-89 (sans sep. ) = Pepi /, &'i^, ^ V —tf <=.! I
89 (sans Sep.) = Pepi I, 63-64.
89-42 (sans sep. ) = Pepi / , 64, jusqua "^^5=1"°^
49-44 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 100-101.
44-46 (sans Sep.) = Pepi /, 101-109.
46-48 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 1 99^.
*
(2)
48-49 (sans Sep.) = Pept /, 129°.
49-55 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 198-128.
55 (sans sep.) = Une phrase : 1^— JJ»d-
A 1 ^ 1 /— V "^ «. 1 A
^\ii
N
56-66 (sans Sep.) = Pepi /, 118-191.
66-70 (sans sep.) = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xxxix).
70-76 = Mr, i3i-i48.
Cote de la tele. 1 5 lignes verticales (■— •) retro-
grades :
1- G = Ounas, 56-6o.
j-ih = Harhotep, 188-186.
i5 = Ounas, 61-69.
C6te des pieds. 1 2 lignes verticales : (■— •)
1- 'i = Minnri, 199-194'''.
7-1 2 = Ounas, 66-70.
C6te droit. 6 1 lignes verticales (■— •) retrogrades :
1- 3 = Sarcophage de tj ^, cote gauche, 1. 3
et seq. (voir ch. xv).
''La separation entre ce chapitre el le prec^ent se Irouve dans une lacune.
''' Journal d'entree du Mtisee, 11° 8901 4.
'*' Dans ee lexte nous avons Irois fois la variante ZT V^ffth* ^^- f^**^*"' fi^'^^eil de travaux, XXIV, p. 198.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
23
U-fi ^=Harholep, igS-aoB.
m-f] = Harhotep, 2o5-ai2.
i-j-Z"] ^= Harhotep, 912-937.
'iS-kb = Harholep , 987-945.
45-46 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xl).
46-6 1 ^=Harholep, 245-269.
Cote gauche. 4i lignes verlicales : (■— •)
i-do = Pepi II, 991-806. Notre exeniplaire com-
plete d'une fa^on interessanle Pepi II qui est tres
mutile en cet endroit, je le donne en entier (voir
ch. XLl).
3i-4o = Teli, 978-977 (voir ch. xlii).
Ui = Pepi II , 991. Cette derniere ligne est ecrite en
sens inverse {—*) du reste de Tinscription. Elle
repete la ligne 1 : le scribe avait commence par
cette extremite, puis s'apercevant de son erreur,
il a repris a Tautre bout et dans I'autre sens (— — ).
Fond. 64 lignes verticales (—— ) retrogrades :
7-1 1 = j_j^, fond, 1. 7-18 (voir ch. xvii).
12-1 5 =|J^^, fond, 1. 18-17 (voir ch. xviii).
i5-i7 = tJS, fond, i. 4o-49 (voir ch. xxv).
i7-26 = Texte nouveau (voir eh. xmi).
26-98 =|J^i <^ote droit, 1. i-3 (voir ch. 11).
28-29 =jJS, cote droit, 1. 3o-3i (voir ch.vii).
29-80 = jj S, cote droit, 1. 81-82 (voir ch. viu).
3o-34 = !JS, cote droit, 1. 45-52 (voir ch. xi).
85-47 = Texte nouveau qui se decompose ainsi :
35-42 =Texte en tal)ieau (voir ch. xliv).
42-44 ^ Texte qui se retrouve dans le sarcophage
du Gaire n" 28118, cote 2, 1. i4-2 2, publie
par Lac.au, Rerueil de travaux , XXX, p. 198
(voir ch. xliv).
44-47 ^= Texte nouveau (voir ch. xliv).
47-48 (sep. de chap.) = tj«, cote droit, 1. 55-56
(voir ch. xii).
48-52 (sans sep. [?]) = Tex(e nouveau (voir ch. xlv)
(les lignes 5o-52 =Sarcoph. du Gaire n° 28088,
c6te 4,1. 87-88).
52-58 =jJS, cote droit, 1. 59-56 (voir ch. xii).
Le resle du panneau est efface.
SARCOPHAGE DE
.(')
Couvercle. 68 lignes verticales : (—— )
1- 3 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 60-61, depuis ^ ^ 0
'^^, etc.,jusqua^;^-;^|ff|^> ^
3- 4 (sep. "^ I ) = Pepi I, 108, jusqu a ^ ^ fl) P
4- 5 (sans sep.) = Une phrase qui n'est pas dans
5-12 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 108-107.
19 (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 107.
1 2-1 9 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 1 07-1 1 1 .
19-28 (sans Sep.) = Pepi /, iii-ii4.
28-88 (sans sep. ) = P«pi /, 59-61.
33-86 (sans Sep.) = Un texte qui se retrouve dans
Ll^' couvercle, 1. 89-49 (voir ch. xxxviii).
86-89 (sans sep.) = Pepi/, 61-62.
4o (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 69^
4o-4i (sans sep.) = Pepi /, 62°.
4i-42 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 62-68.
42-44 (sans sep.) = Pepi/, 68^ ^%^
114-45 (sans sep.) = Pepi I, 63-64* "
45-48 (sans sep.) = /'epi /, 64, seulement jusqu'a
48-5i (sep. i^) = Pcpi/, 100-101.
5 1-5 2 (sans Sep.) = Pepi /, 101-102.
59-54 (sep. ^) = Pepi /, 192^.
55-56 (sans sep. ) = Pepi/, 122°.
56-62 (sans sep.) = Pepi/, 1 28-1 28 (variantes).
69-68 = Pepi/, 118-190.
Cdte de la tete. Pas de textes religieux, mais
seulement des representations d'objets.
C6te des pieds. 1 1 lignes verticales : (— )
1-11 = Texte nouveau (voir ch. xlvi).
Cdte droit. 59 lignes verticales : (■— •)
1-33 (fin de la colonne sans sep.) = Texte nouveau
(voir ch. xLvii). Le titre et quelques passages sont
identiques a un texte publie par Lacau, Recueil
de travaux, XXVI, p. 67-78 (= Sarcophage du
Gaire n° 28088, cote 3, 1. 9o-38).
'"' Journal d' entree du Musee, n° 3 906 3.
3&
EXCAVATIONS AT
3i (sans sep.) = Aimmu, pi. XXIX , I. 2-3. Ce m^me
texte se relrouve dans J"]^*^. fond, I. ag-So
(voir ch. viii).
35-43 = 1 '^'7*, foi'd, 1. 3o-34, oil ce texle forme
un chapitre distinct (voir ch. xi).
43-52 = 1 "^'^, foud. ligne 35 et seq. (voir
ch. xuv).
C6te gauche, i" La liste d'offrandes; 2° i U ligiies
verticales (— ) = LjiTe des maris, ch. lxviii.
Fond. 77 lignes verticales (*— )• Le tout est
SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
tres abime; les deux tiers du texte sont illisibles.
/ 1-1 3 = Mr, i3i-i5o.
iS-i-y = Teti, 170-173.
1^-2 2= Texte indeterminable,
22-42 (une separation de chapitre en rouge .— »)
= Teti, 264-271.
42-56 (on ne voit pas s'il y a separation) = Pepi U,
8 1 4-820 , quelques passages de Pepi II sont com-
pletes par cet exemplaire.
56-63 = Teh, 271-273.
64-71 = Teti, 287-290.
']!-■]'] = Texte indeterminable.
Sarcophage de j | a~»-^, c6t^ des pieds, 1. i3-i5.
\\ ''•^ V fin du panneau.
II
A
B
A
B
Sarcophage de [ |'*^i cot^ droit, 1. i-3.
^ , fond, 1. 26-28.
B"'
T^~^¥"'i^l
B Ul
\jl,i
N
I ^~ A»^»>»»^ 1 1 «e
©
IV
■•m^
'*' J'ai mis en Idle des chapitres les litres qui se trouvenl k la fin.
w^&MAM^y-^Adi
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 25
A N
B N
r^.s
JP
pak
98
^' • a-
\
1 1 1
N
in
Sarcophage de j |^]*~^, cole droit, 1. 3-io.
'WMhM.
J3>*.v«-^ I J J^ jRi C3S3 Ai A, I Jr ; „J_».Ia
— vj' ■ '^rj^vji-^^-ii-iQ
C-D
y\
P
^4"
n A
+^
* 1 1. n ■ ,<— ». r 11 WWM V aiMHWMaMg oil. • f*"^ J
:-jA-i^p
I III
Excavations at Saqqara, i9o(")-i907
i
N
■■mX,JAiM3J/i
S6
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
IV
Sarcopliage de j |/*^, cote droit, 1. 10-18,
J ttfttM\Jl^ -K. ♦ ♦ < ■ >■ A»«M»A ...^E>^ J^ J I AMMM^ I A •'*■" t^^ttt^JSX
Sarcopliage de| j>«^nm^, cot^ droit, 1. 18-28.
+>'AV-ik
^j^
VVik-'H-V
y -<»>- .^> .^- 'i'„/'M M
[i]
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 27
A«w«>A ^k \\ > 0
~!'i.riii^T^C-ft^*'J^2t^'J-Pi^-l
'^^Ft Jr - I I * !■/», ■:'A^!'////M I ^^F» _Jr -H* -B* ^ /MMtfH Amwwa ^wxa I
P1^-J«J?-LTPr;!*i.^"JLf^i.--\'!l¥^i~^
p-L«^-^rU.J!«ik''^-j::j!Tj!PriP-NZ,*-::*k
T^«-^PinMflH!^r-^*J— -PIT'JV-I^T-
VI
Sarcopliage de [ j z*^^, cote droit, 1. 28-80.
y»«»««A I J n I Jt*
i5
28 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
VII
A = Sarcophage de j [ S, c6te droit, I 3o-3i. Pas de litre.
B = Sarcophage de f ^ , fond, 1. 28-99.
n "9 -^ ^|V MiV <^''>»«>«»ArT~^HHI
tl AVMMA ^^^* ^^ III ^^ /WV«V«V\ Vj^ I W^^^^^^j.
I A%%%wA I JT J^ I .M: mMm^mm
Vlll
A =. Sarcophage de 1 I f-"^, c6t6 droit, 1. 3i-32.
^ , fond, 1. 29-80.
C = Sarcophage de ®^ « %> cote droit, 1. 3i (au milieu d'un autre chapitre).
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXIX, 1. 9-3.
A -^\.'^^\' J "— ^P1^
G Pas de titre.
cT»^— nji^^¥~^:ii^j:-^rP!^-)kj
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 29
IX
Sarcophage de I l^*~~^i c6t^ droit, 1. 82-39.
Ce chapitre se decompose ainsi :
32-36 = Ourerts, 660-662 (avec de grandcs differences).
36-87 = Texte nouveau (?).
3']-3^ = Livre des morls, cliap. lxvii (d^but).
i-N^-T-olk^PZIIS-fi^r.HIPNJL
■« ~ *■ 'K— — ■« - > Aw*«M^ -tt* <f - >■ _zr JEV ^*¥.M»^ J Amv«>^ -11^ -ffV I -iT I I I I
X
Sarcophage de J |/*-««v, cotd droit, I. 89-65.
30
J
N
■ lx\
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
_Jr Ja MftfitK — -- tfttfUti ^^PX *'-«—- 1 I fMttr\ ■^i^FH * H I I * ■"
--iki— 'JL<=JT^K^3v<i^-T^ZN^lT-
XI
A
B
C
Sarcophage de j | '^^, cote droit, 1. 65-52.
Sarcophage de T ^ , fond, 1. 3o-36.
Sarcophage de ^_ < %, c6t6 droit, 1. 35-i!i3.
B
•Tj^'^ 1 ml
.^^^^^
--<, ys
c^A-^5^~^.r'^1'5!^l
J^BP
B
N
N
w
w
"S'TnY^^-.^V
1 1 Jr A— 1 >wvv.«v 1 A 1
^ui'll^^P '-
-^Tl |*-.^1,
35 (1) AVVM^ J .<»^
"^tnj^ \z:'M,
<■' Dans ce sarcopliage le d^but manque, le texte commence en liaul de la ligue 35.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
31
II
III to
III
■¥j::i^:ppiT
/ '^. '^ \^\ ^'^ "^'V \ -^^_iV 1"^ » ♦•(] —
t
38
m o
JV <«v ^ I
N
N
IN o
©
39
I
MS
N
\ Ld ir3 fe J I >.v^ I »« ■^^ ^ tV Jr ■^^ Jr
CTH
\\.
32 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
cH't^ <^TT-!" ^^i^Z— ^-"iCTr:
3o
XII
A = Sarcopliage de I | a^, cote droit, 1. 52-56.
B = Sarcophage de t ^ . , fond, 1. 59-53 et L 67-/18.
Ce chapitre se decompose ainsi :
59-54 = un chapitre distinct dans le sarcophage du Caire n° 98088, c6t^ U, \. 38-6oW.
5i!i-56, depuis R © ® =un autre chapitre dans le m^me sarcophage du Caire n° 98088,
c6te li, 1. ko-[i^''\
B Pas de titre.
B .»^«=| .^M A»»»«»»A .^m <-r-»- f
'"' Puhiie par Lacau, Recueil de travaux, XXX, p. 192. Noire nouvei exem|)iaire ameliore le premier.
'•' PuWid par Lacau, Uecue'd de travaux, XXX, p. 198. Noire uouvel exeraj>laire amdliore et compifele le premier.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 33
«t AMMMV JV <:=> VI J jl I AvwwA I AMW»\ I J ^ J^ ■« »■ )l -!^ I
B I ■* *■ ? V 1 1 A«w^ I* J • ^ partir clici environ ii lignes, totaiement
B effac^es.
IB
i5
b=^Vn ^ P ® 1
lie JEA Awxw^ I H«*a /«]
XIII
Sarcophage de l |^^;*~^, cote droit, 1. 5 7-6 8.
i-NjLT i^^i^»::iM!--j'PT^r~p:;':::p--pr
'■' A partir d'ici ce texle foi-me un chapitre s^parddans 1 ^ "^ ^ fond, I. Itj-hS.
'*' Animal peu dislincl.
Eixavatioiu at Saqqara, 1906-1907.
34 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XIV
Sarcophage de | |^^, c6t6 gauche, 1. i-3.
Oncomparera dans le sarcophage de T^ , cote gauche, les Hgnes 6, ai-aS, 97-98
(ce texte est donn^ plus loin, ch. XLI).
J mm /"■"MA .<^&~ ^ A»»»«\ 1 A*w«»«\ AwMw^ n k t f fl J
XV
A = Sarcophage de | 1^**^^ cote gauche, 1. .8-97.
B = Sarcophage de T^ , c6t6 droit, 1. i-h.
A partir de la ligne 18 on comparera Ounas, 6^3-466.
)" I
s*-^ 6<
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 35
'«>'■'' ■ ■ ■ •'!)
:^iikz:^ikr4>!J^^^ij-:i-jpr"~i-j
>h^J!i^P"lJi-T-PH'^VJ:!,-jrJ!— <35-
i^f^n'4kt:+¥-^-;kisr::v^=TP:^i^=¥
H'^-P^^i-Ny^|-.^-|'7~H~^fi:i^ffi
i-»^-^v-^T::zr.T'i>i.-'~i>LP-i,i,-x
<■' A parlir de la ligne 5 on a dans J "^ ^ , un autre texte sans s^paralion = Harhotep, igS-izoS.
<"' Depuis ^ i^7^ = 0«nas, iiS-i/ti."
5.
36
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
So
35
-J"-"^-=Tii— 'k-i-NiJL-^rt^-
XVI
A = Sarcophage de j j.***^, fond, 1. t-y.
^ , fond, 1. 1-7.
A ii^N ■ =^-^/j^^J-^3^^-T^i,~
=PvV^
<¥:^
IJ Aw«»A Jr j^lA'jr
•^^^-T^ik'^
=pvt-
^\f:
M /wvwv^ A _IV lii A
^ . iiJ'" . 3
S^J-
>.
J AmwA A J!V A
^,w,V-^J„,(«_)
s^J
Ill 1 -«>-
'■' Depuis .TiV »— *|'«>-N = Ou)ia«, 445.
'*' Depu's ^ « — = Ounas, hhh.
ci Depuis^j-«>-)\J!!^ = OMna«, 446.
'•' Depuisp^ ^ = Ou«(w, 444-445.
''' Le texte est ainsi dispose
IT
III III
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
37
A N
B N
N
N
B --^-Pf^TJ^iPI^ P-X\-J»P— ^i'l>JLJ°]y ■'
A= T'^7^:5<>f^^?PTAA~4>=:iP"-~ » "
B <^f.!, p^-Pi-N::,spi5Ki»-p \\
lC-3
7\A«**»^ I N
p ik-
Ai
N
B
N
N
i5
r'^
4^
Bi
N
N
,<=j<¥PTi:ri*
TH'^PTi^i
A N
B N
Tin
N
N
i
N
N
'"' Tous les < sont sans t^te.
'*' Le texte est ainsi
dispose :
tT
i T
i
38
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XVII
A = Sarcophage de l'*;^! fond, 1. 7-18.
B = Saixophage de ^ , fond, 1. 7-11.
B 5^-¥::\iu-
I
5 A
B
III ^^T^^
I 1 1
N
^f '^ 9 '^ V '
'%
III A^^yywA
ATP~fUmP-"iPPH¥^Z,iT— 'JLI'fT-^)^:
BT!PHL]^P-^PPH¥'5?::i^N^H-.r^[i,j)w:
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 39
B°l11-z: :^\- P" "^::TtJ'¥^ TvV
\ \^ A«*««A -^ ^«~~A I .<»>- N J V -^^^ 1 m I V ^^ V *=* I -"^^ N
■■*\
J A»w«A Jr .S^ II X U 1 1 1
B --''i,::iij^"ip-- - — -
XVIII
A = Sarcophage de J |a*v«^, fond, 1. 1 8-17.
B = Sarcophage de T^ , fond, 1. 12-1 5.
40 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
B. — -r* ♦-jp~z-p;kM-TJi;p
XIX
Sarcophage de | f^^^, fond, 1. 17-21.
Cf. Sarcophage du Caire n" 28086, cot^ U, \. 69-68 = Maspero, Mission du Caire, I, p. 296.
® ^<:=» V ^'
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
41
»9
i.~¥--^"'"~'J-?J— '*^t)<=!!n',Wi:¥^'k^-it=^
Ml
~^UU. 'ill.. .i~J-^N
XX
Sarcophage de | i'**^^ fond, 1. 21-22,
Ce lexte = Livre des morts, ch. lxxxvi, premiere phrase.
i— Nj!!,='^-~V=^-~Vi-^«J!l,=5^-^wJ'-f'^
M-VV-=>J!^1
I I I
M'^\^-
P^Pl~i— »JL,
j\'
\
t^u
C3
XXI
Sarcophage de J j^^]^, fond, 1. 22-9^.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVIII, derni^re ligne, et pi. XXIX, 1. 1-2.
/
XXII
1
I
Sarcophage de | f^;;^, fond, 1. 2^-29.
I .^«^ N s=> %• I m. ^B III '
J A.««<A JT I .=— I .^V ^M LUIL] -». Aww-A I
I I-
J\
■AftilAAJt/WI. I I I I I
_^ I ::r^ 7^ t J I X
Excavations at Saqqara, 1906-1907.
!i2
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
J ttMtM*^ _jx I Ji al
29
XXIII
Sarcophage de J [>«^, fond, \. 9 9-8 5.
Ge texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVII, I. 1-6.
A«w<<*A 1a/V ■
I
5 N
(■^ ''^mB
'y//Hi<l^M>&
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
/i3
XXIV
Sarcophage de j [ a>-^, fond, 1. 35-6o.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Atnamti, pi. XXVII, 1. 6-9.
i
36
N
A '1 1 1
p--f^;H,i,p
JT I I I I »« Jr I I I I I © J A*«»«v
\
''Z,^::i^rik=i^Jijr,:i^-i-j-V'P-iip^ii.ap
!ik::;^-1'JPiNjL-MT"-^i-J
XXV
A = Sarcophage de J 1^*;^, fond, 1. ho-hi.
^ , fond, 1. iS-iy.
Ge chapitre se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVII, I. 9-1 1.
A J\ f*'"^ I .<^c>~
b"7.
i
N ■ t
N
-'':Pf:pi^"P—
6.
44 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XXVI
Sarcophage de | |^;*^» fond, 1. ^12-43.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVII, 1. 11-12 ('I
XXVII
Sarcophage de j j^*^, fond, \. 63-66.
Ce texte = Ltvre des morts, ch. cxlix (8« demeure) = J.mamM, pi. XXVII, I, 1 2-1 5.
W .ir I I I -P> » Jr "^^ ^^
j.,„p
'"' Cf. sarcophage du Caire n° 28088, couvercle, \. 77-78.
''' Le taureau a les patles li^s sous le ventre.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 45
XXVIII
Sarcophage de j j^;;^^ fond, 1. 46-5 1.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XX VII, 1. i5-i8.
m "^^^^-F I I I A ^^ I'
XXIX
Sarcophage de | [i»>v^, fond, 1. 5i-56.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVII, 1. i8-2it^\
(I '■' Cf. plus haul ch. xv, 1. 32-3i. Dans ce deruier texte I'ordre des membres de phrases est normal.
'*' Pour le del)ut , cf. le sarcophage du Gaire u° a 8 1 1 8 , c6t^ .3 , I . i -4 ; ce texte a ^t^ public par Lacad , Recueil de trmiaux ,
XXX, p. 194. On comparera egalemeiil Livre des moris, ch. cxtix (10' demeure). Pour la fin, 1. 54-56, cf. plus haul
ch. MX.
as EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XXX
Sarcophage de I [/~~^, fond, 1. 56-6 1.
Ge texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVII, 1. 21-2/1 et pi. XXVIII, 1. 1-9 '''.
«*^^^_yi I \M.
AMWMV Jl j\^ I A J^ I V I J /MMMV Jr -=— is I -A I
XXXI
Sarcophage de f |^~~^, fond, I. 61-67(^1
HI
N
'"' Tris analogue a Livre des morts, ch. cilix (1 1' demeure); quelques phrases en plus.
'*' Ce texte se retrouve au milieu d'un autre chapitre dans le sarcophage du Gaire n' 28083, cdt^ 3, 1. 190-197 ^
(m^me litre). Ce chapitre a 4l6 public par Liciu, Recueil de travaux, XXX, p. 190. La fm difffere dans les deux exemplaires. '
47
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
jS\ M AMWMA-Bl mmmmmmSm ' JT i ■ JTJ I /m.~mv III « -x,
X ^A«w«aI J*v.«^Avw«^| J*=*^B |-'*>-N ill III Jx -
WWA I *'■»-- jm I li I )l ' i^S. Am<m»A J AwvwA III ■« *■ '^ .«■ ■ jl
-? I « .1.— I J ,T 66 ■ tjiu . s X J ,T ■ • n J
^^ J X J J I AWM«^ aCH ■<%>. ..^V J AMowA A I J
XXXII
Sarcophage de t [^*;~^> fond, 1. 67-78.
Ce texte se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVIII, 1. 2-7.
'Jc:^'^'
j\
1 ^^*^^*Jri II LJ J A«»WA ■ ' ^^
I A>««»^.^». Jr 1 1 1 uAu-sK. A ■ I I I /^ ^^^"**^ J
I I "l ftMMMi )| I .<a>-. J\^ -^V- I
• J\ f*"^ N
f_R, .^
I
(i 0 cadrats environ)
N
(1 1 cadrats environ) N^ >^^^l^*®i' 1^
'^
1 JT I — \ I J^ m«8^ J L Aw*««v J
10
48
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XXXIIl
Sarcophage de J f^^, fond, i. 73-77.
Ce te\te se retrouve dans Amamu, pi. XXVIII, I. 7-10.
P (■ 7 cadrat, environ) ^ ^. ^ -^ ^ ^ ',■■ .^- TT J A i^ 5|^ X • I "fl J ! t ^
^— —>.<»>. 1 1 |-«>^N \wm fi5 cadrats environ) '^mf"^ „ j '"^ — V-^V*^ — *==*
jj ' /»w«»A ' 1 A^A I ^""^ N (1 /i cadrats environ) ^M
^MMM^ fl^H^^m r^^^^^^^ ^1 /W^A^w\ Viv'///M^99
XXXIV
Sarcophage de J |^;;^i fond, I. 77-82.
Ce texte se retrouve dans /4marftM, pi. XXVIII, 1. 10-16.
n^'JICJ'J-ri
N
(10 cadrats environ) m
P*"i-!*k¥1TJT^f¥J'tt'ik!^PW("--'™'-"*°")|
=» » • I ^ V ^"^ =^— ^•t' 4a> ^H 1 V ^H (17 cadrats environ)
I If I ^ '"^H ^ III ^H (10 cadrats et demi environ)
I y I J I I III .:>^l I I A -<*>' ^B A '^fc'- ^H ^ '
l"*^Bm- -^m V Jl j\ A«««-A I -«:^ N J V?^H (16 cadrats environ)
1(2)
'"' Pour cette phrase, cf. ie sarcophage du Gaire u° a8i 18, c6le 2, 1. 39-80.
'*' La fin du chapilre est dans la lacuna.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
&9
XXXV
Sarcophage de | |^~~^) fond, 1. 89-101 '■'
a>in:f!:^'^{i3cadrals environ)? ?V-\ V T'^'^^ W -P ^i-^-N
t A*«««^^M (10 cadrats environ) ^B 1 '•i* liJN I ^X)
<U^>v. J J^T'^iM? .■ 05 '^adrats environ Mr yn,_^8 "8 J
^ P ^ ll -^^ N " H (1 5 cadrats environ) B Y I V (Ti '"^ i -«>- N ' "^ \
■ A «.«-«
•^Xij-^MriB cadrats environ) ■ V M( ^^ J n. ®° 11 A*^ JinP
•rani ^B ^ '' ^B I li^<=>y ■?! _Pa?i?y I
i
N (10 cadrats environ) ^B 1 •¥■ ^ m
w I ^' ^H (i3 cadrats environ) ^B ^1 f*"*^ \
■ t
mmm
N
\
«. Ill
n
(17 cadrats environ)
1 95
>iii
wJfi" « m. ^ / (i5 cadrats environ)
■ V
,96-
5K^^
I -1 I
)l I
n' IK m \i fi5 cadrats environ) i-<sfc>-N
I I I Jy' I I I J^ 1 1 1^ i ^ ' \ A«.%««v
i5
97
I
n I |a«*««^Ii V
'"' La separation entre ce chapitre et le prt?c(5deiit se Irouve dans une lacune; on no veil pas oii il faul couper exaelement.
Excavation$ at Saqqara, 1906-1907. n
50 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XXXVI
Sarcophage de | |a»v->-^, fond, 1. ioi-io4<').
i^r-'
lo/i
i-NZ,x^p-^^j-;=;"'i^j
III
XXXVII
Sarcophage de [ \>^^-, fond, 1. io4-io6.
Nj:§^-j'^ri'^p-^f"'^aHi«s^<=r::,-<.
m W M\\ I ? Ill *=> N ■ ^B .^ • -
<"' Pour le debut de ce teste, cf. le sarcophage du Caire n' a8o83, t(Ak 3, 1. 168-169. ^e chapitre a el^ public par
Lacad dans RecueU de travaux, XXVI, p. eiaS.
O •
I I
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 51
XXXVIII
^ , couvercle, 1. 29-81 ('I
XXXIX
^ , couvercle, 1. 66-70.
XL
^ , c6t^ droit, 1. /i5-66.
1X1"*^^ 'z::iFFy^^ =* ^ ^ ' = "^ j^ cz: V fiiil i '" +
I ■ ri. ^^ ^ /wfl«wfl«V ^^^^Tj III ^ftw**^ -^ ^' I I J»^^^ ^^^^0 .ZSL V I X X A I ^ I ^ I
''' Ce texle se retrouve dans jj^, couvercle, 1. Sg-^a, el dans * * \, couvercle, 1. 33-36.
\
I
52 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA. 1906-1907.
XLI
Sarcophage de t^ , cot^ gauche, 1. i-3o.
Ce texte = Pepi II, 291-806 et /joi-iog. Notre exeraplaire compile tr^s heureusement ce
chapitre qui est tout k fait mutiie dans la pyramide de Pepi II.
• 0—= 3 JWMMi •-^^ Av<MM^ naM I A AM•>M^ -^^ fj ^««~>^ ^
AwwivA AmwmA I Ml _fl[A>MMW^| Mil* a -JH I AwowA J^
a ..KV AwwxA I
^ ^^ \\
M AMNWA -B* AWMN^ «« m -^V .<«>-. _^^ '•■^■g Awwwv 1 Ji^ | " M. j\- 1 SM I J
■^ N::!~i-Ji-jiik-r-r:-+¥i^)w~T->^- '
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
• I «=
- y— o o yt^^— _^iyy Y — "-'n__ny'—
' Jr A<. I ^S^ 11 I A«««^i ^ jV^I I J^a«*«aI it t f\% m.
J Amw^ AWMMV I I ,<»>_ _^V .^V m. I I J^- 1
i-N^Z=T\.t-PtrTf'"i-«Tl,T-=2:^
I -«=- N s= I |T - J © V -=» A fl '*'«*^ 1 \ -=» P A>»««^ I -«>~ V N
J At<MM^ AMMWA MMWA UJ Jl _Zr Ul I I JT I J 1
p-T-^i^:n~p~np-^:i5i-jN^pr^i,p~p
54 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XLIl
Sarcophage de f ^ , c6t6 gauche, 1. 3o-6o.
Ce texte = Teli, 973-977.
33
si<; «ie SIC
TZin°J"""II^-Z]P
A«»*>««^ ® ^ o 01
xii:ii-i-JT-^fZTr-jPi\~-^-vi-i^
"-r ,:,-<^PP^-Ai^AJ.-J\.PJ.A"-!ik-VfB
XLIII
^ , fond, 1. 17-26. Ge texte = Livre des morts, ch. lxix.
N
>HV
N
¥-i-^Ji~J~i-J\.^PJ"J'
TEXTES RELIGIEUX. 55
J!li-=»7\ J* • I m. JSm jI A__I« a\ I Av%*»«\ -1*1 -^
III 1^^^^^** ^ftWn^^^
i
VP=^\Ti^*J:^
O.
i:V
IV 14-"
XLIV
Sarcophage del ^ , fond, 1. 35-67.
Ce chapitre se decompose ainsi :
35-4i = un texte nouveau en tableau qui se retrouve dans ® * %' c6t^ droit, 1. /lA-Sa.
hi.-hh = un texte qui se retrouve dans le sarcophage du Gaire n° 281 18, c6t^ 2, 1. i/i-t5;
public par Lacaii, Recueil de travaux, XXX, p. 198.
hU-k'] = un texte nouveau.
II
56
T<^¥-^
1*1
35
36
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907
38
3,
39
1,0
U
CD
©
■
\\
m
\
\
I I
I I I
V
t::
fca
J.
Pv
T
i
T
w
en
111 ^
^\ i
(1)
ft
IS
j:
a
tj
en
7\
It
X
J
V
-HP
m
I I I
N
^7?
,P
f4^l^-l*Si^^^i^^'t
1
fiiii
I
N
P
I I I
o
i
N
!^
I I I
J
PI
ik
I I I
1'
J
N
(I)
N
6i
PV
tn
*
f
b:
i ''
J'
\s
p
®
p<
'"' Ces deux lignes sont donnc^es ici dans le sens de I'original.
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
57
I — H^i
Ffl
La partie de ce chapitre formant tableau se retrouve dans le sarcophage de _ _ * ^^ c6t6
droit, 1. i/i-52 :
hh 4r> 46 47 48 49 5o Sj 5a
CD
\\\
I
!
s
y
lax,
i
Pt
■
fca
p^
t
I w
1
Q
w
i
p^
J
i
^K
ZE
u
N
N
-a:
\
in
N
Pi
t
/ — 1
ZB
i
pf
o
N
mm
i
B
\
i
^^„.
1
¥
s
Excavations at Snqqara, 1906-1907.
58
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
XLV
^ , fond, 1. 48-59, separation en noir.
Les lignes 5o-59 forment un chapitre distinct dans le sarcopiiage du Caire n" 98088, cote U,
1. 37-88. Ce texte a et^ public par Lacau, Recueil de travaux, XXX, p. 199.
IMPH'Ti!!niPV'P-=-3^V^V'-Pik
1° J
'WSM
°'j'° vvP¥fT=::!^^'P»^p- 1 ^'i j^
s^n:'"P^HTi$PJi-J
XLVI
Sarcophage de ^ ^ * %' ^^^t^ des pieds, 1. 1-11,
5 1.4—1 S. 'I iiiT^ — ■-H-i^Bl I i'^XA~**~i*-^XTiJ
I!
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
59
XLVII
Sarcophage de ^ s %, cote droit, 1. i-33.
Ce texte rappelle un cliapitre public par Lacau dans Recueil de Iravavjc, XXVI, p. 67-78.
j\
N
1/ •#■
i|-r<k1vM^|,
WA"" % '
10 ° ' ■"^'
V-''fZ]PN«XP
" ■ ' 'r" ^ ? ? ?
• • • I
■»W
A«<~A F— i 1 -"" A««^ ^a \ m. Ill III miWll -==»• I Li 1 >Wv»«A
i5
60
Ml V I M|HHHMB'
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
35
3o
TP!^0,°!1" ' P<¥-Hi1¥P!::!-'A'f:9:»^TE
ikPf:z^!TJ<'^11lH^P~<ikT!-1~r,^t'-!^-!<
«¥)P=1'^:^^P-=>l-f^*'r''Z:i^J¥-TP!!fckTHv-
-H-i^lV'JHt-75MH-::(H-)T!t-=1t-f.(H-)
'"' Le telle est ainsi dispose :
'*' Le texte est ainsi dispose :
lll«
>>
'*' Le texle est ainsi dispose :
1
••• •••
!t
'*' Le texte est ainsi dispose :
ft
%t
TEXTES RELIGIEUX.
61
A^// i/
'"'""■«% 3i
y////r/J^
N
35
«=\
THE MONASTERY.
Among the most common of the Arabic words that have been adopted into European
languages, as employed by those concerned with antiquities in Egypt, are the names sehakh,
sehakhin. Perhaps one third of the time and energy of the out door staff of the Antiquities
Department is expended on the care of the interests which these words express. Sebakh is the
soil from ancient sites, a valuable manure, presumably deriving its value from the nitrates left
by human and animal life in past ages. It is most laboriously gathered and laid on the fields,
and, great as is the destruction caused to ancient sites, the practice cannot be interfered with;
the only remedy would be in the introduction of a very cheap imported manure. But the fellahin
tare not supposed to dig quite at large for sebakh : certain sites are given over to them, and, at
Saqqara, in order to save the earlier monuments, perhaps, the site of Ras el-Gisr has been for
years abandoned to the sebakh industry. A guard is employed to report any discovery of antiquit-
ies, and it was he who pointed out to us the first of the group of chambers now to be described.
Ras el-Gisr ft the head of the embankment n is that much-dug area on the desert edge
at the end of the dyke leading from Bedrashein. Many brick walls appear above the surface,
all of them belonging to small chambers, but nowhere is there a sign of a large church :
fragments of Coptic capitals, amphora handles, here and there a block of an earlier period
reused, even a granite sarcophagus, may be seen. The area covered by these ruins is rather
extensive, certainly 200 metres square and the place was generally called a Roman village,
but Maspero many years ago pointed out that it was probably the monastery of Saint Jeremias. The
site is by no means exhausted : there are more rooms to be dug and the cemetery is well known
to the Saqqara population, so well known that it must be largely destroyed. The type of burial
has been described to me; the name
of the dealer who bought the beads
and embroideries, even the name of
the customer who bought from him,
is known to the Saqqara tomb -rob-
bers. But whither the antiquities went
when they left Egypt the village does
not know.
10 METRES
Plan of the chapol and cells.
0 12 5
B-i — m u tm ■
Cell A. — This was the first found.
Plates XL-XLIV shew the decoration
on its walls. It is a square chamber
of mud brick , the walls covered with
a layer of mud mortar, then with one of white plaster; the dome that once roofed it had col-
lapsed but the pendentives remained in the four corners. The floor was paved with oblong blocks
of stone fairly cut and up to 0 m. yo cent, by o ra. 4o cent, in size.
On the east was an apsidal recess 1 metre high, the rounded arch of which was formed of
64 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
blocks of stone (pi. XLI). Below it were two small cupboards, there was a larger one to the
south of the altar (o m. 90 cent, high and 1 m. 20 cent, wide), another in the north-west
corner, and in the west wall two small recesses for lamps.
In the north-west corner two halfbrick walls about 0 m. 60 cent, long and the height of a
chair, covered with plaster, may conceivably have been the base of a seat though the material is
very weak for the purpose. In the opposite corner, sunk in the ground, was a broken water jar.
Three of the four walls are painted.
East wall (pi. XL). — In the recess the Virgin and Child, on the two sides the archangels
Michael and Gabriel. The plaster surface is very irregular and lumpy but this has not embar-
rassed the artist and the drawing of the head of the Virgin on the concave surface is well man-
aged. The colour of the Virgin's garments is meant for purple but is really very dull and
brownish.
Above are the lower parts of three figures of saints in the same style, and further to the north
on the pendentive is part of a figure in the cruder style of the next painting.
North side. — Picture of four saints on a white background, the tallest of the figures
1 m. 1 4 cent. high. This scene is given in a photograph only (pi. XLIV) as it was not worth repro-
ducing in colour.
There is a second penitent, not shewn in the plate, to the left of the naked saint; also a
palm tree and some other object which I do not recognise. This end is much damaged. The
picture, then, represents four of the famous saints and two penitents : to the left the nude Ogure
the name of which is not legible, then Makare , Apollo and (as Crum suggests) Phib. The crouching
figure appears to be bringing the feet of Phib and Apollo together (?). The painting is of a
debased kind; it has been restored once, and Apollo has gained a finger in the process.
Four colours were used, black, yellow, slate blue, red, and, for the flesh of the figure on the
left, pink with a greenish mixture in the shadows. The figures were painted in with broad streaks
of colour and the black outline was added last. Slate colour is used for beards and hair, for the
outer cloak of Makare and the penitent, for the inner garments of the other two saints : the
rest of the clothes and the haloes are yellow. The shade lines on the face are of a muddy green-
ish colour, the bookbindings red with white jewels.
West wall. — The north-west pendentive has unimportant traces only, but on the west wall
are the remains of eight figures which once filled the arc. Little is left, only in the centre two faces
with the titles :;^ AnxxNOYnNoe and ^ni^AnxMovcHc^np^. On the riglit side is a better pre-
served figure of a bearded man holding a book, and, much smaller, a female saint over whose
head are the words ^ nxnxmoxnxomc.
The door is rather low and narrow (1 m. 5o cent., by o m. 68 cent). Threshold and lintel
bear alike incised crosses and on the latter are several scratched graffiti the clearest of which is
Tc xc nxyxe KoyizA- Going now outside the chapel A, we come to another door with a latch
and bolt hole for a door opening to the south : this part is not yet wholly dug out. There is an-
other door to the east into another room and near it a stone with several holes for water jars.
THE MONASTERY. 65
Outside this doorway to the east we are still indoors, for there is a lamp recess in a wall on the
left. There was, too, a small stairway leading to the roof of chamber G.
The building here is of the rudest and bricks of various sizes and blocks from other buildings
are used; one was inscribed in Coptic, another bore the name of ^t II U^'
The chapel, when found, was full of clean sand and in the doorway at the level of the lintel
lay an amphora.
Chapel B. — Was dug out next. It was by far the most interesting of all. Plate XLV shows
its appearance immediately after the sand was taken out, the altar, the geometric decoration on
the north wall to the left, the stone base of the screen separating the haikal from the church
and even two pieces of the wooden screen itself. The next 6ve plates show the paintings of the
altar, the detail of the pillar and arch, while plates LI and LII reproduce again the ornament
painted on the plaster.
The chapel is quite small, just ^ metres wide; its length we do not know, for the western part
has entirely disappeared. Beginning now from the altar we may go round the little church,
adding such notes as are not rendered unnecessary by the photographs.
East end. — The altar, pi. XLVl, is a thin slab of marble, once upheld by a bar of wood,
and all but a metre wide. Above it, painted on plaster are medallions of the Virgin and the two
archangels. At a later time someone has scrawled in charcoal on the upper band of white the
following line : -f nApxANrexocMixxnAJCmezMOT • noyt66JCcd . . vAKAnexNOKniexxxiCT
ocnnAnAn6<ycDcijnNOY'r66TON26^.
The eyes of the Virgin have been wilfully gouged out.
Above was once the figure of Our Lord in glory, flanked by the wings with eyes of Ezekiel's
vision. The garments are reddish, the face on the left, darting beams from its eyes, is painted in
red on white, the background is dark green with some stars in white. In the pillar and pilaster
(pi. XLVIII) the imitation of stone carving is in brown on yellow. On the pillar the spirals are
red and black w ith a yellow border : on the pilaster the centres of medallions are of wavy red
lines; the borders are yellow, the rest black and white.
There were two cupboards, both large (cm. 70 cent, wide), roofed with palm logs; that on
the right liad a stone shelf.
South side. — At the east end a doorway leads into a smaller room (J), but this had been
blocked with stone below and brickwork above.
On the left was a cupboard with stone half-shelf : above it to the right a very small cupboard
with another shelf. There were two windows in this wall, both with sills sloping sharply inwards,
and below this slope in one of them a lower sill of wood remains. Under the window is a recess
for a lamp.
The patterns on the plaster are given again in colour on plate LI, 2,3; the second of these
has been laid flat so as to get better into the plate.
The west end has gone.
The north wall was covered to the height of a metre with geometrical patterns, and above
Excavations at Saqqara , 1906-1907. g
66 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
these was a line of figures, originally a metre or more high, of which nothing of value remains.
The general scheme of colour is that the centres of medallions are red, the dots hlack or red on
a white ground and the leaf patterns (like cr fleur de lisii) yellow, but the yellow has proved far
more fugitive than other colours and mere traces of it now remain.
The white bands of these decorations had been utilised by various monks to write, either with
a knife point or with a pen a series of graffiti, one or two of them in a good uncial hand. One
mentions a certain Stephen, a deacon (pi. LXIV, 2) one the monk Lilammon. This last reads
nNOYT6p06IC6MXXMMCUNnieA/n2YnONO/NA.nAI6pHMIACnC100Y^-
There was a very small cupboard (?) in this wall which now communicates by a vertical hole
in the thickness of the wall with the air outside. It may have been an airshaft.
The floor is paved with limestone slabs : in the part outside the haikal is an inscription which
covers two stones, must be then a commemorative inscription and not, as some stones found later,
an epitaph purloined from the cemetery close by and used as building material. The inscription
is:
^6XCp06IC6nXCON<j)OI
^HpM6N060Tp6n6q
^ojHpe^MHNeH
At a later date, thinking that the monks might have been buried in their cells or under the
floors of the chapels we removed these two slabs. Two empty vases were found in the sand and
then about 0 m. 5o cent, below a pavement of plaster appeared and this we could not disturb
for fear of bringing the whole chapel down. It was fairly certain though, that the monk Phoi-
[bammon] was not buried below. On another paving slab, near the door, was a still more frag-
mentary inscription :
•!« ic xc poeii^
ANOKn^
ncij.n.
nC6B.C
Cell C. — In this small chamber there was one painting, — of Saint George or Saint Theo-
dore on horseback, very incomplete. It was photographed but fell in a few hours and the scene
is not published.
At the north-west corner is an angle of good limestone masonry older than the chambers we
have examined; it is Coptic, however, for it has that horizontal groove cut in the stone to insert
the long decorated beams of wood which is so characteristic of the period.
To the south of the small room farther east are two pillars : the east one is a papyrus shaft from
a XIX"" Dynasty tomb surmounted by a late capital inscribed with an invocation of Jeremias,
Enoch and Apollo : the west pillar is entirely Coptic and bears a cross in red paint and below it,
engraved in good characters, another inscription :
<¥ nrjoyrenx
KAGOCApm
AM6Y6XNOK
K
THE MONASTERY. 67
Cell D. — Is just seen on the left in plate LIV; the altar is shown in plate LIX; and the
figure of Jeremias alone in plate LX.
The chapel is small; its main feature is the altar in its little recess with paintings above and
a pattern below. The figures are the Madonna, the two archangels. Saint Jeremias and another
saint, doubtless Enoch. To the right of this is a cupboard with two shelves, below it a small
niche, perhaps for a lamp : there are two more of these recesses, one in the north wall, one in
the north corner of the east. In the south wall was a window with a sharply sloping sill like the
two in chapel A; below this a bench of brickwork. In the floor of this cell was found the frag-
ment of plastering with the medical inscription given on plate LXIII, 6, and plate LXIV, 7.
Cell E. — In this were no pictures, and this was convenient, as we could without scruple
remove the altar slab, which was part of an old gravestone with a well preserved inscription
below, with incised letters painted in red.
XMXZH <¥ nnDTnu)HfenenuxeToyi^i^EZ\i
pAi '/ xocMixAHX " nxpxArrexocrxBpiHX « nm
xnxxnoxxcu'/xnxNOYn "xnx<j>iB // N6N^
TOYXXBxpiOYNAMNN6T6Na)Hp6 " neum^.
ujHp6XM6MTONMOqNCOY^^ fz // Mnxonc " nm
6IPHHH2XMHN " nGNCONXM MCDN6n6MCON^
O
MOMUCOYMOBNCOYCOYN2 Hh AMXOeCDT»
(The letters underlined are smaller than the rest.)
Cell F. — This was painted on all four sides ; it is the middle room in plate LIV. The altar
and the picture of the three holy children to the right of it are shown on plate LV, part of the
painting over the altar in plate LVI , the three children again in plate LVII , the decoration on the
north wall in plate LVIII, and a pattern from the west wall in plate LVII, U.
There are in the walls no less than nine recesses or cupboards of different sizes. To the right
of the altar is a small niche for a lamp, blackened above ; next it is a larger recess (o m. /io cent,
wide) with a wooden shelf; a stone bench projects before these two about o m. 1 6 cent, beyond
the wall face.
Below the altar is a cupboard witli a small opening but larger inside. There is another, again
with a shelf, to the south of the first pair, and there are two more at the north end of the east
side, one in the north wall and two in the west.
The building was here two storeys high : on plate LIV in the east wall we see the holes in
which the roofing beams lay (0 m. 80 cent, apart) and above them the plaster of the upper
storey and the line of the foot of the wall. It was not a lofty building; from the floor of the upper
room to the floor of the chapel was but g m. 60 cent.
On one of the figures in the niche was a Greek graffito which was seen by Dr. Grenfell and
pronounced to be of tlje vni'"' century. It was, unfortunately, washed away by rain before it
had been photographed.
68 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
The scene of the three children in the fire is reproduced in monochrome : there is little colour
left in the original. The angels' wings are yellow, there was some red in the clothes and the out-
lines are in red. The children wear wide cloaks with bright yellow borders and an inner garment
the collar of which fastens with the collar of the outer cloak in a central medallion. On the legs
are loose trousers, red in the case of the middle figures, black in the southern one. The flames
were painted red. The treatment is singular. One would have supposed that the scene of the angel
holding out a protecting cross was very much more modern than the vn"' century.
Below this scene is a single figure in better condilion, painted in white on the dark back-
ground and over the red band or dado which extends from the door to the altar. It is a bearded
figure painted in the style of the four saints in chapel A. Near his head is the legend nAnxoytu
N60C written in six lines.
On the north side is an elaborate pattern (pi. LVIII) : the lozenges are red, the leaves in the
centre green. The curtain pattern below is also in red line with green for the leaf motives. On
the west side is a similar curtain pattern, now appearing white against a drab ground, but the
colour was once red. Above is a lozenge pattern of pairs of yellow lines with red between, the
lozenges filled with single heart-shaped leaves of bright green, other leaves, and in one case, a
vase.
At the south end of this wall is an unintelligible scene of some standing figure raising suppliant
hands to a saint.
On the south wall a standing saint appears to pierce with a spear a crouching woman, but the
scene is fragmentary. There was another painting in the reveal of the window. Room G was
blank.
Room J, to the south of chapel B, has a small window in each of the three walls. These are
painted with the curious pattern shewn in plate LIII and in plate LVIl, a.
In the upper part the knobbed spikes are red, the leaves green, the flowers were once probably
pink. The surface of the green paint is cracked; it is probable that white of egg was the medium
used. Below, the lozenges are red, and inside the lozenges is a red circle crossed by a floral star
of green, but the green, as usual, has largely fallen away.
Several gravestones with Coptic inscriptions were found (pi. LXI and LXII) both in our
work and in the sebakh extraction that was going on at the same time, but the only one that
was in sitti was the altar slab in chapel E, already mentioned.
There were also some pairs of pilasters and capitals (pi. LXII). No very great quantity of
pottery was found : a shortnecked, deeply fluted amphora (pi. LXIII, 3) was the typical vase.
Two of the large (o m. 8o cent.) decorated vases (pi. LXII, 6) with a fish-pattern and a
human face in black lines on the red ware were found intact. Some fragments of thin and good
coloured table glass, blue and green, and three unbroken pieces (pi. LXIII, 2) the larger of
them 0 m. tjo cent, high, showed that, in this branch of art the Egyptians had kept up a high
level of skill.
Fragments of bowls of earthenware with glaze of blue and yellow are exactly similar to
those found in the dust heaps at Old Cairo, and an interesting find was a flat piece of plaster of
Paris 0 m. o4 cent, thick, pierced with cylindrical holes, closely resembling the plaster backing
THE MONASTERY. 69
on which the stained glass windows of the mosques are made. This art then, must have been
learnt by the Arabs from the Copts.
The last small object to be mentioned is the papyrus (pi. LXIII, 5). It bears on one side parts
of five lines of very large Kufic writing, on the other a list of Christian names in Neskhy Arabic.
Prof. Moritz was able to date this for me to not later than ySo A. D.
Four coins were found and were submitted to Mr. J. G. Milne, who reports that they will not
stand cleaning but that there is no doubt that they are Alexandrian folles of the end of the Roman
period : two are of a type ascribed to Heraclius, with a 3/4 length figure on one side, and, on
the other -ttW • The other two are barbarous copies of the same type, perhaps made in very
early Arab times.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
Plate 1. — Shews the small pyramid partly excavated; the view is taken from the north-west,
with the Step pyramid and the unnamed pyramid in the background. In the foreground the
shaft with planking laid over the mouth is one of the XIX*'' Dynasty shafts, belonging to the
same period as the bases of columns and the line of blocks more to the left. In the centre
above is the hole made by the original plunderers. The fine outer casing and the core of
rubble are both visible, as is also the XIX"" Dynasty floor.
Plate II. — The west side of the small pyramid with part of its court and boundary wall,
taken from the soutli. The three walls of brick are of later date and probably belong to the
early New Empire tombs : two coffins of this period are in the foreground.
Sunk in the floor are two basins, the nearer one of quartzite the further of alabaster. In the
loose detritus above the pyramid several of the late coffins, of Ptolemaic date or earlier, are
to be seen.
Plate III. — East side of the same pyramid. The north-east angle is seen on the left, beyond
it is the boundary wall , broken through in a length of 2 metres by the shaft of a late New
Empire tomb : the rough masonry face is the outer side of the shaft lining. Further to the right,
where the boy is sitting, is a doorway into the court, blocked at a later date. On the right is a
scored line on the pavement that marks the edge of the eastern boundary wall; two blocks of it
remain on the extreme right. In the middle are two quartzite basins sunk in the floor and two
of the oblong New Empire shafts broken through it.
Plate IV. — Plan and section of the small pyramid. The sharpness of the angle is noticeable :
it may be that the angle changed higher up and that this was a « blunt « pyramid.
Plate V. — 1 . A seal of reddish clay with the titles of Userenre. This was from a low level at
the south-east corner of the mastaba. For several points in the copy I am indebted to Dr. G. Moller.
p.
rf
u
i:
n t
2
i:
^^^
^^
¥F
w
dt W (dt
1:
ir
tm
i:
BQfl
rf
I*-
1>f^^k^^P^iii
72
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
2. A small plaque of wood, o m. lo cent, high covered with plaster and gilt; it is slightly
curved, the inscribed side being convex. It is also wider below than above, and must have been
inlaid in some object of conical form. The design in relief shows a goddess I * g'ving life to
a KingNeferkara. This object was found in the stone chip at the south-east corner of the pyramid,
and, with the glaze plaques spoken of above, forms the evidence, slight enough, it is true, for
provisionally attributing the small pyramid to one of the kings bearing this name.
He can hardly be Pepy II, whose pyramid is well known, but there are several kings of the
name known from the Abydos and the Turin lists, to one of whom the idea of building so close
to Teta may have presented advantages. But a wider clearance to the east may, within the next
two years, give us inscriptions from the chapel with the titulary of the king. It may be, of course,
that this is the tomb of Teta's queen, and that the two small monuments of Neferkara are
derived from a later building.
3. Parts of two pear-shaped ceremonial maces of reddish limestone : one of them is incised
with the Ka name of Teta I-ttt-- At the time it was found this title was only known from a
single inscription at Hatnub, but the Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft found, almost at the same
time, at Abusir, other examples of the name on clay sealings.
A. A flat slip of wood, o m. 3o cent, long, incised with the name of Pepy I'', doubtless from
a line of openwork decoration on a table or shrine.
Plate VI. — 1 . Stela of | ^^^ . Height i metre. This was found near the tomb of ^-.-1 J Jl^;: i m
and on the same level. It is, like n" a, of white limestone.
The period must be about the X''' Dynasty. The varieties of spelling on a single monument
are rather noticeable.
2. Stela of ^ ^ |. Height o m. 8o cent, from a shaft (5o/i W.), east of the south niche of the
great mastaba. He was an ofTicial of the pyramid of Merkara, which cannot have been very far
away from that of Teta.
Plate VII. — Parts of X*'' Dynasty stelae. Same scale.
1- Jil'*>\. o m. 6o cent. high. Traces of colour.
Plate VIII — 1 and 2. Fragments of stela of ^^^ ^ ]| -^^™. A third piece bore the
cartouche of f © V *^
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
3 and 5. Parts of flanking stelse.
h. Fragment witli the title ot" a pliysician, name I ■ I-
6. Fragment of stela with the name J Tr
7. Fragment with the name of Usertesen P' (o m. 55 cent, by o m. 45 cent.).
73
li
It
%
J
PI
A
I
1
I
Plate IX. — 1. Fragment of stela of \ 1.
2. Fragment of stela of ■*«- hw— I-
3. Part of a flanking stela with names of oils.
li. Fragment of stela, o m. 5i cent, high, of a certain
5 and 6. Two bits of stelae of a certain m ^t' 1^ ■ ■
Plate X. — The three stelae here shown of r-- 1 J -— ^ i were found in situ in the east face
of a small mastaba of brick. The panelled stela formed the centre : the other two flanked it, so
as to form in plan three sides of an oblong | |. They stood on a plain stone base. The space
between the end pieces was o m. 88 cent.
The scenes are, in a shortened form, those of the Old Empire mastabas.
Plate XI. — Only the lower part of this statue was found (height o m. 20 cent). It is of black
granite and comes from the burial of 1 from the northern cliamber of the same shaft,
the southern chamber of which contained the untouched burial of Karenen.
Two photographs are given in order to show tlie attitude, whicli must be very rare in statues
of men. It can be paralleled in the figures of women depicted on a small scale at their husbands'
feet. The inscription was, of course, not painted when found; a little white paint was rubbed in
to bring up the signs in the photograph. The date is, presumably, between the Old and Middle
Kingdom.
Excavation! at Saqqara , 1906-1907. 10
74 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
Plate XII. — A view of the tomb of Karenen as found, taken from the door before anyone
had been inside. The view shows about half of the chamber. The hole on the wall on the left
leads into the shaft of an earlier tomb, robbed, filled in and forgotten long before Karenen's
time. As soon as its presence was discovered the stonemasons changed the plan of the chamber :
they left the lower part narrower than they had intended; the upper part was cut out lo the
old breadth and the ledge of rock thus left was utilised to receive a boat and a tall vase of black
pottery. In the corner at the back is the canopic chest of Karenen with, above it, a large granary,
on which again was placed another boat and a box of tools. On the right is the massive outer
coflin, badly damaged by white ants; the side has slipped and crushed the models crowded
between it and the rock wall. The bowl, covered by another bowl inverted, contained the bones
of a leg and shoulder of veal. Below it is a large model of a kitchen, the roof of which is partly
broken down; to the left of this are two vases, one with a stopper of black clay.
On the broken roof of the kitchen rests the procession of girls and boys and further back are
two boats in very bad condition and another model fallen on its side. On the roof of the coflin
is another kitchen.
Plate XIII. — This gives a similar view, but of the second coffin , that of I ^ -^^w.
It was taken from the east, after the objects shown in the last plate had been removed. In the
foreground is the decayed lid of Karenen's coflin , on which rests a model vineyard that has
slipped from the wife's sarcophagus. On the roof three models are to be distinguished , a potter,
a boat and a large granary. A line of blue incised hieroglyphs runs along the side of the coffin.
Plate XIV. — In the tomb there were two statuettes of Karenen and two of his wife, made
of superior wood. They are about o m. 3o cent, high, and of fine work, especially those of the
man.
Each was placed on a base of ordinary wood : those of the two inner figures were eaten away.
Plate XV. — Procession of girls and boys. A wooden model, i m. 65 cent. long, from the
tomb of Karenen. This is a unique object. The figures are painted in the usual colours, men
red and women yellow. The burdens consist mostly of food with tiie materials for cooking,
but there is also a box of clothes, a pillow and a green mat.
Plate XVI. — This model is also unique (length o m. 33 cent). Karenen, carved in superior
wood, is seated in his palanquin which evidently served as an armchair at home. The poles for
carrying it were not found, but the holes for the thongs througli which they were slipped are
duly provided. The great man holds in one hand a staff" the end of whicli is a clenched human
hand. On eacli side is a harper, a man to the left, a woman to the right. Before him are there
girls, singing and beating time by clapping their liands : they are evidently dancing girls. One
of them indeed, has her hair done in the long tail with a knob at the end, a fashion favoured
by these very gymnastic dancers. A fourth girl sits on a square stool at Karenen's knees.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 75
Four boxes, containing perhaps the clothes, and instruments of tiie performers, complete
the group.
The model was finished with some care, the harps are of fine wood with pegs, and originally
with strings. The boxes are painted and provided with knobs to fasten them; they do not open
but are dummies of solid wood.
Some of the wood liad been eaten away, and all that remained was very fragile; it was
improved by a soaking in boiling paraffin wax.
Plate XVII. — 1. Wooden model of a workshop with sawyer, potter and, on the left, a
kiln. The model is shewn as found, at the south end of the lady's coffin.
2. This continues the scenes of n° i — the models on the lid of the coffin of I^ -i-^ .
The massive outer lid and the almost untouched inner coffin below will be noticed. Above
is a boat, eaten out by the white ants to a shell; some of the sailors have fallen through into
the cavity so formed; the boat was made solid.
3. Another view of the same model as ri" i, moved from its place and laid on the ground;
the sawyer has been set on his feet.
There are two workmen; one takes from the mass of clay on his left the requisite amount,
rolls and kneads it and hands it to the potter, who spins his wheel with the left hand and turns
with the right. The piece of wood lying crosswise on the floor is the post to which the beam to
be sawed was attached; the ties were no doubt of linen thread and had been devoured. The
lever which tightened the ties had escaped and can be seen below the saw.
h. Another scene of a carpenter's shop, from the tomb of Karenen (o m. 42 cent. long). On
the left is the sawyer; the handle has fallen from his little saw of bronze but lies on the floor;
the bar for tightening the cords lies on the other side of the work. In the middle is a man
working a bowdrifl : in his left hand is the cap, duly hollowed out below. The man at the
right side is making a head-rest by means of an adze. Near him is some larger object, perhaps
a bed.
The small flat red-coloured slip of wood leaning against the carpenter's block probably fell
there from some other scene; it may be a piece of meat.
Plate XVIII. — Continues the details from the tomb of Karenen and his wife.
1. A boat, n° 78, in the last stage of decay. There really was little wood left in it, but the
type is clear. It was one of the papyrus boats and was painted green with black stripes. The
men were hoisting sail. The lady sits under a slight shelter and a friend outside is also provided
with a seat.
2. A scene, n° liS (o m. 89 cent, long), the nature of which is not quite clear. Two men
are treading something in time, another is armed with a club. A girl appears to be in authority,
as she carries the scribes' tablets under her arm : perhaps this may be a laundry, but the model
is incomplete. These two numbers are from the wife's coffin.
76 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
3. Box of tools from Karenen. The tools have not been moved, but, as the nails in the
bottom bad disappeared the box was lifted from its base and the lid slid back to show its
construction. The minute tools, eighteen in number, are of wood and bronze and comprise four
axes, three adzes, three saws, seven chisels and drills and one ^ staff.
&. Another scene of a potter's workshop. It is in poor condition, but must bave been almost
a duplicate of that in plate XVII. A woman bas here the unpleasant duty of attending to the kiln.
5. One of the most complete of the papyrus boats (n° 6).
The boat is going down stream, the mast being unstepped and resting on a J shaped support.
At the prow was a look-out with a sounding pole but the white ants had devoured his legs and
he is laid on the floor below his post. The men use leaf-shaped paddles; they sit square to their
work. The object leaning on Karenen's shoulder is probably a spear-case.
Plate XIX. — 1. A kitchen (n" i8). Scene of slaughter of an ox, also of beer making. The
rafters in the roof are indicated carefully.
2. Model of a vineyard, photographed in position. Walls and trellis are alike painted blue
(n" 4 a). From the end of the woman's coffin.
3. Good brewing scene (n" ao) (o m. 6o cent. long). Two girls are grinding corn, another
pounding with a very large pestle; her mortar lias disappeared. A man stands in a trough and
kneads the dough with his feet.
4. Another potter.
Plates XX-XXV. — The inside of the inner coffin of Nefersemdetentheb.
Plate XXVI. — Diagrams of the two kinds of boats, those of papyrus and of wood. The
drawing of these seven plates is by Miss Macdonald.
Above is the papyrus boat under sail : to the right are the fittings, the box of the owner (2),
the gangplank (3), the mast step [U), the pile for mooring (5), and the mallet or fender (6).
Below are the mast (7) with its copper tip, and one of the yards (8). In the lower half is the
heavy wooden boat with its fittings — a reed (10), painted in imitation of leather and perhaps
representing a spear-case , mast(ii), yards(i9, i3), steering oar (16), the owner's trunk(i5),
one of the shields (16) that were hung on the cabin roof, marlinspikes (17, 18), mallet (19),
gangplank, mast-step and spear-case (90, 91) and mooring peg (aS).
The original position of the spear-cases was not quite clear in any example, but they seem
to bave been laid inside the cabin in a leaning position on each side of the proprietor.
Plate XXVII. — Tomb of Khennu and Apa-em-sa-f as seen from the shaft when the entrance
was first opened. The outer coffins have collapsed owing to the ravages of the white ants. The west
wall of Khennu's coffin has leaned back a little but remains standing and the bright painting inside
is disclosed; the east sides of both coffins have fallen. The inner coffins, made of finer wood, have
hardly suffered. On the lid of Khennu's outer coffin are a series of wooden models and some vases.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 77
Plate XXVIII. — The inner colfin of Khennu with the lid removed. The body was covered
by a mass ot" folded cloths : the bead, covered with its green mask, lay upon the pillow : the
linen was quite clean except for the line of dust that had trickled through between the planking
of the lid. The figure looked as if asleep and had a singular appearance of dignity. The staffs
and bows, whole and broken, are laid before the body, one staff beiiind it.
Plate WIX. — This boat (o m. yO cent, long), from the tomb of khennu was, perhaps,
the best preserved of all found. The steering oar had fallen away and is not shown.
The statuette of the proprietor has his name written in ink on his white skirt.
Plate XXX. — 1. View of part of the large mastaba taken from the south : behind is the
massive late wall of brick, on the left is the southern niche of the great mastaba; the outer
casing of fine stone and the rougher local stone inside are both clear and between these two
walls is a mass of brickwork. This is the lining of the shaft of Karenen's tomb.
Farther to the right and outside the mastaba are two other shafts of the same period.
2. One of the tombs seen to the east of n° i .
The brickwork on the right is the lining of the chamber, the little door in tiie centre is the
entrance from the shaft which lay right under the great Ptolemaic wall. The canopic chest was
laid in a hole in the floor of the tomb and was in good condition. The coffm had been removed
at some early date. Name I j Jt^^ (p- i8).
3. Tomb of Za (n° 276) next to that of Khennu : the south side of the chamber. The scenes
are roughly painted on a brown plaster, with no trace of a layer of white. The tomb had been
robbed (p. 19).
k. Tomb of I I J I j I from the work south of the mastaba. Here we dug far below the
Middle Kingdom levels and this tomb was left in the bank which supported the southern wall
of brick. The north wall of the chamber has been broken away, the roofing blocks remain and
we can see under them, through the chamber, the wall of the shaft behind. The coffin was
made of wood covered with veneer. A great part of the common wood was destroyed , but the
veneer remained. At the stage of clearance shown in the photograph the lid and part of the
coflin have been removed, but part of the east side remains with the two eyes carved on it and
the head of tiie deceased in the regular position, facing east. On the right is a massive coffm
of limestone. The lid had been displaced and the tomb robbed in ancient times, probably in
the New Empire.
Plate XXXI. — Granite statue of a king, three quarters life size found in the shaft of n° 276
above the chamber in plate XXX, 3.
There is no inscription on the back pillar, but the statue may be attributed to the same
period as the tombs, namely to that between the Old and Middle Kingdoms. It is possible that
the often mentioned Merkara is the king depicted but there is as yet no proof of this.
78 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
Plate XXXII. — 1. This small wooden slatuelte was found in a narrow, square (om. 90 cent.)
shaft 6 in. 5o cent, deep, near the south-east corner of the mastaba : the chambers opened
west and soutii of the shaft.
The tomb liad been robbed long ago; nothing was found but this statue with some other
fragments of wood and a few long cylindrical beads of glazed steatite of that fine colour whicli
is known in the Old Kingdom. The shaft too, being one of a group close to the mastaba is,
almost certainly earlier — earlier, then, it seems, than the V"' Dynasty.
2. Two wooden statuettes, the larger o m. 26 cent. high.
These were found loose in the dark layer of earth above the floor of the pyramid court.
This dark layer, whicli contains a good deal of black clay and is sharply distinguished from the
later detritus of limestone, seems to be of the Middle Kingdom.
3. These fragments of wooden statuettes from tomb n° 9 76, the largest of them from figures
half life-size, shew how well furnished this tomb must once have been. (Early Middle Kingdom.)
4. This statuette (0 m. 276 mill, high) belongs to a very difl"erent and much later period. It
had been very carefully wrapped up : a little piece of cloth was first put over the head and then
the whole figure was tightly wrapped up in a narrow bandage. The work is of the rudest, but
the figure is painted and inscribed on both back and front. The statue did not come from a
tomb but was found loose in the earth. On the front surface is [ 1^ ^ a«»— a j -1 J^. ' j E J \
Traces of an older text now illegible.
Plate XXXIII. — Parts of several harps found with the castanets and small ivory objects of
the next plate, in a robbed tomb (n" 338), of the late New Empire inside the enclosure of the
small pyramid and east of it. The mouth of the shaft was at the XIX"' Dynasty level.
The tomb had been robbed and in the filling of the shaft and inside the chamber which opened
from it to the west were coffins and fragments of coffins of mummiform type.
The harps were broken, but tiiere can be no doubt how they should be restored. The boat-
shaped object carved from a single piece of wood formed the body of the instrument and was
closed at the top by one of the flat pieces with six or eight square holes and a central ridge.
One of these is shewn in place in the harp laid horizontally before the others.
The cylindrical bar with a row of pegs projecting like the teeth of a comb formed the
upright, and was inserted in the hole at the thin end of the base. A part of one is shewn so
mounted in the second from the i-iglit. The strings ran from these pegs to perforations in the
central ridge of the sounding board.
i
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 79
Plate XXXIV. — Represents most of the smaller objects found in the same tomb as the harps.
i. Wooden vase with lid, broken, and not quite complete; the halves are separated for
convenience in photographing.
2. The Hathor head (o m. ok cent.) is of ivory, the double kohl pot (o m. 09 cent.) of
limestone, the little spatula below of wood. Of wood too, is the fragment of a double kohl tray
on the left, while the nearly complete tray on the right is of ivory. This should have been shewn
above the Hathor head on to which it fits.
3. A double tray of wood (o m. i/j5 mill, long), a T, two pairs of wooden castanets and
part of a bronze spear.
i. Model pick (o m. 16 cent, long), and, most interesting of all, the handle of a real sickle
(0 m. 9 5 cent.). One edge is grooved for the insertion of saw Hints.
Plate XXXV. — 1 . Kohl spoon , vase and cup of light green faience found outside and to
the soutli of the head end of a coifin, one of a late New
Empire group soutli of the mastaba (n" 972). The coffin
was but 1 m. 2 5 cent, long and the body inside that of a
child. The pottery is shewn in the accompanying figure,
the beads and scarabs from the neck and wrists on
plate XXXVIll, 1. Near the head were found also two of
the four figures shewn in n" 3.
2. Green faience bowl, o m. 1 2 cent, across, with Hathor
head design, from near one of a group of burials west of
the pyramid. These were of poor people, wrapped in mats,
without coffins, laid in the dark layer of earth in the court
of the pyramid. They are probably of the late New Empire.
3. The inner pair, a wooden figure of a captive and an
ivory lion, both pierced and doubtless originally joined in
some way together, were found with the last group. That
they belong to a single object is shewn by the finding of the
other pair, the outer one, loose in the sand in which the group of coffins were laid. It is pos-
sible that all four are parts of the same object, a model chair or the like.
4. A blue glaze plaque, 0 m. 2 3 cent, by o m. 1 55 mill., found in the chamber of one of the
New Empire tombs (n" 332) dug through the ruins of the small pyramid. A line of text, fired in
the glaze, reads r;-^^~'| — ^||^s^.
Down the centre are the remains of a column of plaster, perhaps the backing of a gilt figure
of a god.
5. A limestone portable seat or headrest, about 0 m. 3o cent, wide, bearing the name of the
Scale 1 : la.
80 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
owner epieNoyn. At the ends are sunk hand-holds and the other side is liollowed out to a round
arch. Many of these headrests, entire or in fragments, were found at a high level between the
pyramid of Teta and the mastaba. None were discovered in tombs. It seems that they may have
belonged to guards or to the staff of the Serapeum.
6. Male figure of yellow wax, about o m. o8 cent, long, found loose in the rubbish.
7. A small but complete demotic document of which Sir H. Thompson has given me the
following description. It is a decision [ivt) dated year 6 Phamenoth 2 5, of one Teos son of
Ti-Hapi. . . (?) acting as judge or arbitrator. She declares to. . . re Yours is the judgment con-
ffcerning the herd Pa-hy(?) which you pleaded before me on Phamenoth ai in year 6. If he(?)
(Twill not execute for you the judgment of Pa-hy(?) the herd which you pleaded before me on
ffthe aforesaid day, I will give you the herd Pa-hy(?) on Phamenoth 97 in the year 6, which
(ryou pleaded for before me without (further) lawsuit [t-qnbt) or anything on earth, n
The document is signed by five witnesse.s or co-judges (?), Hapi-men son of Ankh-Hapi,
Harkhebis(?) son of P-shen-t-ehe (?), Ankh-Hapi son of. . ., Petemestous son of Ankh-Hapi
and Harkhebis(?) son of P-shen-t-ehe(?).
Plate XXXVI. — 1. Palette with cakes of red and black ink and bundle of extra pens from
the burial of a man wrapped up in a stout mat (n° 821). Probably XIX"" Dynasty.
2. Box with sliding lid (ca 0 m. i4 cent.) from the same burial.
3. Sculptor's trial piece (0 m. 1 1 cent.) and ink sketches on a flake of limestone.
4. The best scarabs found ; they were not numerous. The one of hard dark stone came from
among some Middle Kingdom fragments, the large scarab on the lower line from a poor coffin
at the mastaba work, and the good private scarab of the Middle Kingdom, bearing the name
oi Siptah, from the lowest levels above the floor of the pyramid court.
5. A small limestone stela, 0 m. 17 cent, by o m. 1 3 cent, thick and with rounded surface.
On it is a large figure of a fledgling goose (? a god) and the texts : V J-^^^^ and tTI'l
This was found on the east of the pyramid at the level of the XIX"- Dynasty pavement.
Plate XXXVIl. — 1. Base of stela, 1 m. 65 cent, wide from above the small pyramid. Name :
. Seen in plate IV also
2 and 3. Two views of a limestone statue, kneeling and bearing a table of ofl'erings. Height
0 m. 59 cent.
The text incised on the back is I I^ ^-' 1 1 rTTFi ' ' jl * i"«l« O • ■#■ i— -
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 81
/i and 5. Two views of the upper part of a limestone pillar o m. G2 cent, high of the time
of Rameses II; from south of the mastaba. The proprietor of the tomb adores, on one side,
the king as Ptali, on the other as Ra.
6. Two blocks from a XIX"' Dynasty relief (height 0 m. 69 cent.), with considerable traces
of colour. Found above the small pyramid.
Plate XXXVIII. — 1. Beads, scarabs and shells from a child burial (n" 972) of the late
New Empire. Faience in plate XXXV, 1. A scarab of Sety II (inverted) is in the top row.
"2. Group of scarabs, plaques and balls of faience from a high, oblong coHin in the court-
yard of the pyramid. The two coffins in the foreground in plate II are of the same type.
All the small objects were in a round wicker basket together with an alabaster kohl vase ^
and a kohl stick.
3. This group of amulets was found between two late New Empire coffins in the cemetery south
of the mastaba. The Imhotep is of bronze, o m. o5G mill, high; the other two are of fine faience.
The date is somewhat doubtful but may be that of the coffins near, late XIX"" Dynasty.
4. A group of six little amulets worn as a bracelet : this was found loose and is as likely to
have been dropped by a workman as to have formed part of the furniture of a burial.
5. Two end-pieces of a necklace, gilt beads, Y shaped faience and small cylindrical beads,
all from an oblong coffin containing a cartonnage mask. The level was about that of the
XIX"' Dynasty bodies south of the large mastaba.
Plate XXXIX. — 1. Pots from the Karenen tomb (p. 6).
2. Pottery from tomb of Za (n" 976, p. 19).
3. Pots from tomb (n" 981, p. 18), in bad condition but of the period of the last named.
There was a square depression in the floor, and in this eight of the spreading bowls were laid.
4. From the tomb of Khennu (n° 289, p. i5); the high-shouldered vase low on the right
with white paint on it, is a canopic vase.
Plate XL. — The painting in the niche in chapel A, from a water-colour drawing by my
wife.
Plate XLI. — The most important of the paintings found in cell A, the first one examined.
The niche is 1 metre high. On the right is a ledge on which a lamp once stood; the plaster
is still smoked above it. The pillars on the sides are only painted but the floral ornament above
is carved in stone.
m
Plate XLII. — The archangel Gabriel, from the right side of the same altar.
Excavations at Saqqara, igo6-igo'/. <•
82 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
Plate XLIII. — The companion figure of Michael from the left side of the niche in chapel A.
Plate XLIV. — From the north wall of cell A (p. 6U).
Plate XLV. — General view of the two chapels A and B seen from the west and taken as
soon as the nearer chapel was cleared. A large and a small piece of the sanctuary screen were
at this time still standing. The background shows the appearance of the rest of the site, mostly
dug out by the villagers for manure : bits of walls in which the clay is free from sebakh are
left by them standing.
Plate XLVI. — The apse in chapel B on a larger scale.
Plate XLVII. — Madonna and archangel from the same apse.
Plate XLVIII. — Side of the apse in chapel B shewing the details of tlie decoration on the
pillars.
Plate XLIX. — From the same chapel. The head of the Virgin.
Plate L. — From the same altar. Head of archangel to the right. The decoration of this
chapel has been given in detail as the better quality of the painting points to an earlier date
than that of the other pictures.
Plate LI. — 1 . Geometric design from the north wall of chapel B.
2 and 3. Patterns from south wall of the same chapel.
Plate LII. — North wall of chapel B again.
Plate LIII. — Pattern of decoration in the chamber J south of chapel B, a rather boldly drawn
floral pattern above with the lozenges of laurel leaves below. The U U pattern is dark red, the
leaves green.
Plate LIV. — The three chapels to south of the first pair and a room to the east of them.
The view is taken from the south-west.
The chambers, from left to right, are, on the plan (p. 63), D, E, F, G.
Note the little altars on the east of each cell and the evidence of an upper storey in room F.
Plate LV. — Part of the east side of chapel F, shewing the altar and the scene of the tliree
children in the fire.
Plate LVI. — Part of the same scene in colour.
i
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 83
Plate LVII. — 1. The scene of the three children from east wall of chapel F.
2 and 3. The decoration of the walls in the vestry (J in plan).
li. Pattern on west side of chapel F.
Plate LVIll. — Photograph of the west side of chapel F. The diagonals of laurel leaves are
red, the leaves between were once green.
There are two long graffiti in red paint : n6NCONZAXA.piAcnKOYiNrA.iAKONiA.MNn6NCON2
Apa>Nn66'CDci)MNn6NCON<|>cDnxnpoi and -f nnexcpoeicenACONAnxKYPene^'A.xTHCA.YtonKAO
HPITHC.
Plate LIX. — Photograph of the east side of chapel D. The Virgin, the two archangels,
Apa Jeremias (left) and Enoch (right).
Plate LX. — The portrait of .leremias from above the altar in the same chapel.
Plate LXI. — A series of gravestones from the monastery. It seems to have been the practice
of the monks to rob the cemetery close by wlien repairs were needed in the buildings. Two
pieces of ornament, one from a door-post.
Plate LXII. — All from the monastery.
1 . Another gravestone. It is noticeable that the name of Apa Jeremias follows immediately
after the Trinity.
2. Part of another gravestone. As in all the epitaphs found this year the indiction only is
given, not the era of Diocletian.
3. Two door jambs. One is inverted.
4 and 5. Two large vases.
Plate LXIII. — The smaller objects and pottery from the monastery.
1. A lamp of Hmestone. Two were found, one blackened at the nozzle.
2. Three pieces of glass. The bottle is o m. i8 cent, high, and is of light-coloured glass :
the vase with drawn in rim and the csalt cellars are darker.
3. A typical group of pots, indeed the entire collection of well preserved pottery. The amphorae
generally are very deeply grooved, with short necks.
li. An inscription on a piece of plaster fallen from the wall of chapel D. It was in very bad
condition and had to be photographed in situ. A copy is on the next plate.
5. A piece of papyrus with huge Kufic characters on one side, a list of names of monks in
current Neskliy without points on the other.
84 EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, 1906-1907.
Plate LXIV. — A selection of gralFiti.
1, 2, 3, 5, 6. From wall of chapel B.
4. From west side of chapel F.
7. On a slab of plaster fallen from the wall of chapel D, photographed on last plate. Medical
prescriptions.
LIST OF PLATES.
Plate 1 New pyramid, half dug out.
II New pyramid, west side.
Ill New pyramid, east side.
IV New pyramid, plan and section.
V Sea], wood plaque, Old Kingdom
maces.
VI Stelae of Senlen and Hotepa.
VII .... I
VIII. . . . > Parts of early stelse.
IX I
X Stela of Meritit-Tela.
XI Statue from tomb of Hershafnekht.
XII .... Tomb of Karenen, from entrance.
Xin. . . . Tomb of Karenen , internal view.
XIV. . . . Statuettes of Karenen and wife.
XV ... . Procession of servants, wooden
model .
XVI. . . . Karenen at iiome. Musicians.
XVII . .
XVIII. .
XIX. . .
XX to
XXV..
XXVI. .
Models from Karenen tomb.
I Coffin of Nefersemdetentheb. Intern-
I al decoration.
Tlie two types of boat in early
Middle Kingdom tombs.
XXVII . . Khennu tomb as found.
XXVni. . Khennu in his coffin.
XXIX. . . Boat from Khennu.
XXX . . . Early Middle Kingdom tombs.
XXXI. . . Granite statue of a king.
XXXII. . Wooden statuettes.
XXXIII.. Harps.
XXXIV. . Small objects found with harps.
XXXV . . Faience , etc. , New Empire.
XXXVI. . Pale tte , scarabs , sculptors' sketches.
Plate XXXVII. New Empire stela, statue, drum of
column.
XXXVni. Groups of scarabs, amulets.
XXXIX. . Pottery from early Middle Kingdom
tombs.
XL Virgin and Child (watercolour).
XLI. . . . Virgin and Child (photograph).
XLII . . . Archangel Gabriel (watercolour).
XLIU. . . Archangel Michael (photograph).
XLIV. . . Ft)ur Coptic saints.
XLV. . . . Chapel B from west.
XLVI. . . Altar from chapel B.
XLVII . . Madonna and archangel from same
altar (watercolour).
XL VIII. . Side of apse in B.
XLIX. . . Madonna from same altar.
L Second archangel.
LI Geometric patterns in colour.
LII Pattern from north wall of B.
LIII. . . . Pattern from wall of vestry (.1).
LIV .... Group of cells.
LV Altar of cell F.
LVI .... Part of same altar, from watercolour.
LVII . . . The three holy children : patterns
from walls (from drawing).
LVIII. . . Lozenge and curtain pattern from F.
LIX Altar from cell D.
LX Portrait of Apa Jeremias from same
altar (watercolour).
LXI. . . . Epitaphs.
LXII . . . Coptic inscriptions, vases.
LXni. . . Coptic lamps, glass, amphorae, a
LXIV.
papyrus.
Graffiti.
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PL. XXVI
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PI. XXVIII
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PI. XXXII
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PI. XXXIII
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PI. XXXV
EXCAVATIONS AT SAQQARA, T. II.
PI. XXXVI
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CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
Qulbell, James Edward
Excavations at Saqqara,
1905-191A. cv.2.3
69
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